zupagrzybowa 11.11.03, 23:32 zarchiwizowany
lesmianowski przepis na wywolanie usmiechu:
;)
odpowiednie rozszerzanie ust...az do skutku...!
;)
odpowiednie rozszerzanie ust...az do skutku...!
• Re: RePoczytajcie sobie na dobranoc IP: *.aster.pl / *.acn.pl
Gość: wikul 11.11.03, 23:07 zarchiwizowany
gini napisała:
Jude junta
>
> Doganialiśmy już Japonię, doganiamy Izrael.
> Można było oczekiwać, że w Izraelu zapanują koszarowe porządki w wyniku
> pełzającego przewrotu wojskowego, który w ciągu ostatnich lat zmienił nie do
> poznania oblicze żydowskiego państwa. .... Do państwowego żłobu dorwali się
> umundurowani macherzy zajęci zdobywaniem mamony, a nie czyszczeniem
> żydowskiej obory po socjaldemokratach Goldzie Meir i Icchaku Rabinie. Nikt
> nie traci czasu biznesowego na słuchanie dyrektyw Rady Bezpieczeństwa ONZ,
na
> zapewnienie obywatelom miejsc pracy, na hasła równości wobec prawa i na
> bezpieczeństwo. "Prowadzimy wojnę z terrorem" – usprawiedliwiają się, gdy
>
Zawsze zastanawiałe się kto ciągnie ten idiotyczny wątek , teraz już wiem .
Jude junta
>
> Doganialiśmy już Japonię, doganiamy Izrael.
> Można było oczekiwać, że w Izraelu zapanują koszarowe porządki w wyniku
> pełzającego przewrotu wojskowego, który w ciągu ostatnich lat zmienił nie do
> poznania oblicze żydowskiego państwa. .... Do państwowego żłobu dorwali się
> umundurowani macherzy zajęci zdobywaniem mamony, a nie czyszczeniem
> żydowskiej obory po socjaldemokratach Goldzie Meir i Icchaku Rabinie. Nikt
> nie traci czasu biznesowego na słuchanie dyrektyw Rady Bezpieczeństwa ONZ,
na
> zapewnienie obywatelom miejsc pracy, na hasła równości wobec prawa i na
> bezpieczeństwo. "Prowadzimy wojnę z terrorem" – usprawiedliwiają się, gdy
>
Zawsze zastanawiałe się kto ciągnie ten idiotyczny wątek , teraz już wiem .
bruxella de vill ;)
> POLLIN
> Data other than high-priority data may be read without blocking. For
STREAMS,
> this flag is set in revents even if the message is of zero length.
> POLLRDNORM
> Normal data (priority band equals 0) may be read without blocking. For
> STREAMS, this flag is set in revents even if the message is of zero length.
> POLLRDBAND
> Data from a non-zero priority band may be read without blocking. For
STREAMS,
> this flag is set in revents even if the message is of zero length.
> POLLPRI
> High-priority data may be received without blocking. For STREAMS, this flag
is
> set in revents even if the message is of zero length.
> POLLOUT
> Normal data (priority band equals 0) may be written without blocking.
> POLLWRNORM
> Same as POLLOUT.
> POLLWRBAND
> Priority data (priority band > 0) may be written. If any priority band has
> been written to on this STREAM, this event only examines bands that have
been
> written to at least once.
> POLLERR
> An error has occurred on the device or stream. This flag is only valid in
the
> revents bitmask; it is ignored in the events member.
> POLLHUP
> The device has been disconnected. This event and POLLOUT are mutually
> exclusive; a stream can never be writable if a hangup has occurred. However,
> this event and POLLIN, POLLRDNORM, POLLRDBAND or POLLPRI are not mutually
> exclusive. This flag is only valid in the revents bitmask; it is ignored in
> the events member.
> POLLNVAL
> The specified fd value is invalid. This flag is only valid in the revents
> member; it is ignored in the events member.
> If the value of fd is less than 0, events is ignored and revents is set to 0
> in that entry on return from poll().
> Data other than high-priority data may be read without blocking. For
STREAMS,
> this flag is set in revents even if the message is of zero length.
> POLLRDNORM
> Normal data (priority band equals 0) may be read without blocking. For
> STREAMS, this flag is set in revents even if the message is of zero length.
> POLLRDBAND
> Data from a non-zero priority band may be read without blocking. For
STREAMS,
> this flag is set in revents even if the message is of zero length.
> POLLPRI
> High-priority data may be received without blocking. For STREAMS, this flag
is
> set in revents even if the message is of zero length.
> POLLOUT
> Normal data (priority band equals 0) may be written without blocking.
> POLLWRNORM
> Same as POLLOUT.
> POLLWRBAND
> Priority data (priority band > 0) may be written. If any priority band has
> been written to on this STREAM, this event only examines bands that have
been
> written to at least once.
> POLLERR
> An error has occurred on the device or stream. This flag is only valid in
the
> revents bitmask; it is ignored in the events member.
> POLLHUP
> The device has been disconnected. This event and POLLOUT are mutually
> exclusive; a stream can never be writable if a hangup has occurred. However,
> this event and POLLIN, POLLRDNORM, POLLRDBAND or POLLPRI are not mutually
> exclusive. This flag is only valid in the revents bitmask; it is ignored in
> the events member.
> POLLNVAL
> The specified fd value is invalid. This flag is only valid in the revents
> member; it is ignored in the events member.
> If the value of fd is less than 0, events is ignored and revents is set to 0
> in that entry on return from poll().
.Jude junta
Doganialiśmy już Japonię, doganiamy Izrael.
Można było oczekiwać, że w Izraelu zapanują koszarowe porządki w wyniku
pełzającego przewrotu wojskowego, który w ciągu ostatnich lat zmienił nie do
poznania oblicze żydowskiego państwa. .... Do państwowego żłobu dorwali się
umundurowani macherzy zajęci zdobywaniem mamony, a nie czyszczeniem
żydowskiej obory po socjaldemokratach Goldzie Meir i Icchaku Rabinie. Nikt
nie traci czasu biznesowego na słuchanie dyrektyw Rady Bezpieczeństwa ONZ, na
zapewnienie obywatelom miejsc pracy, na hasła równości wobec prawa i na
bezpieczeństwo. "Prowadzimy wojnę z terrorem" – usprawiedliwiają się, gdy
hebrajskie pismactwo zarzuca im prywatę i nieudolność.
* * *
Na czele wojskowej koterii rządzącej izraelskimi Żydami stoi 75-letni generał
rezerwy Ariel Szaron .... Po przejściu do cywila w roku 1972 Szaron pożyczył
200 tys. dolarów od biznesmena Meszulama Richlisa i nabył od państwa położone
na Negewie olbrzymie gospodarstwo rolne Szikmim, którego rzeczywista wartość
oceniana jest na 30 mln dolarów. Obejmując w roku 1977 funkcję ministra
rolnictwa w rządzie Menachema Begina (kaprala w armii Andersa), Szaron
potrafił forsować ustawy dające jego farmie lukratywne przywileje. Nie
zapomniał o swoim gospodarstwie i największej w Izraelu hodowli baranów
obejmując stanowisko ministra handlu i przemysłu – przeforsował dekret
zabraniający importu mięsa z zagranicy.
Będąc szefem izraelskiego Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych, a następnie
premierem nakłaniał rząd Grecji do wydzierżawienia izraelskiemu biznesmenowi
z Jerozolimy Dawidowi Aplowi niezamieszkanej, kamienistej wysepki. Apel –
przyjaciel Szarona i sponsor prawicowego Likudu – zamierzał zbudować na niej
grecko-izraelskie Las Vegas: hotele, kasyna gry i luksusowe lupanary.
W rewanżu za pomoc Apel wziął na garnuszek syna Szarona – mizernej postury
Gilada zawiadującego rodzinną farmą Szikmim. Fakt, że Giladowi Szaronowi
brakuje rozeznania w interesach międzynarodowych, nie przeszkodził Aplowi w
mianowaniu syna premiera Izraela "doradcą i konsultantem" w kwestiach
stawiania kasyna na wyspach greckich. Gilad dostał od Apla "retroaktywnie"
miesięczną pensję w wysokości 20 tys. dolarów, tudzież kilkaset tysięcy
dolarów w prezencie. To nie wszystko; w razie zgody Greków, o którą zabiegał
Szaron, syn premiera miał otrzymać od Apla dodatkowe 3 mln dolarów.
Interesy Szarona z Aplem stanowią obecnie przedmiot śledztwa policyjnego,
podobnie jak inne posunięcia finansowe Szarona: przyjmowanie przezeń
zagadkowych, wielomilionowych pożyczek od zagranicznych potentatów
finansowych i austriackich banków prowadzących interesy w Izraelu.
* * *
Przebrani po cywilnemu generałowie zawiadujący w Izraelu wszystkim, co
intratne, stojący na czele banków i towarzystw przemysłowych przynoszących
krociowe dochody, przekazują sobie z rąk do rąk firmy energetyczne, koncerny
naftowe, loterie państwowe, przedsiębiorstwa handlujące zagranicznymi
robotnikami, wykwintne burdele i wielce dochodowe posady municypalne.
Przechodzący do cywila generałowie i pułkownicy izraelskiej armii i Mosadu
nie gardzą karierą polityczną i fotelami w Knesecie.
Byli wojacy stali się prawdziwymi władcami Izraela i dokładają wszelkich
starań celem zlikwidowania ostatnich śladów izraelskiego, naiwnego socjalizmu
połowy ubiegłego stulecia. Dzięki daleko posuniętej symbiozie bonzów
przemysłu z władzą generałów upojonych możliwościami kapitalistycznej
gospodarki opartej na niewolniczej pracy obcych robotników, Izrael
przekształcił się w lewantyńską wersję republiki bananowej. Żydowska głowa do
interesów przywieziona z Europy Wschodniej i państw arabskich, pogardzana i
tępiona przez założyciela państwa Dawida Ben Guriona, ocknęła się do
interesów nawet w kibucach – niegdysiejszych komunach mających służyć
przykładem zdegenerowanej społeczności gojów. Izraelskie kibuce kierowane
przez pułkowników i generałów rezerwy porzucają nierentowne rolnictwo,
likwidują działalność przemysłową i oferują ziemię przedsiębiorcom budowlanym.
Wojsko wyznacza nowe normy moralne. Nikogo nie zaskoczyło, że pułkownik
izraelskiego lotnictwa Rami Dotan dowodzący państwowymi zakupami w USA
nabywał używane i zdezelowane części do silników samolotów F-16 i rakiety
pochodzące z demobilu, dzięki czemu powiększył swoje konto w banku łapówkami
w wysokości kilkunastu milionów dolarów.
* * *
Generał rezerwy i były premier Izraela Ehud Barak zdołał wyjednać u byłego
prezydenta Billa Clintona ułaskawienie żydowskiego multimilionera –
przestępcy, handlarza bronią Marka Ritza skazanego zaocznie w USA na 350 lat
więzienia za dostarczanie Iranowi broni masowej zagłady. Clinton ułaskawił
Ritza, a były kibucnik Barak buduje sobie willę w miejscowości Kwar Szmariahu
zamieszkanej przez elitę finansową Izraela. Koszt willi (ok. 10 mln dolarów)
pokrywa Barak z oszczędności rodzinnych.
Planując przeniesienie się do Kwar Szmariahu Barak postanowił rozwieść się z
żoną Nawą, dla której nie widział miejsca w sypialniach, salonach, ogrodach,
na korcie tenisowym i na basenie nowej rezydencji. Izraelczycy postawili uszy
na wiadomość, że Barak pędzi w knieje Nawę, z którą podczas kampanii
wyborczej biegał w reklamówkach telewizyjnych po wybrzeżu morskim trzymając
ją za paluszki. Rozwód Baraków rozszedł się jednak po kościach, gdy Nawa
zagroziła zwołaniem konferencji prasowej z udziałem Marka Ritza.
* * *
Swego czasu wstrząsnęła Izraelem wiadomość o zasadz-ce zgotowanej przez
libański Hezbollah izraelskim ludziom-żabom z oddziału komandosów morskich,
osławionej "trzynastki". 5 września 1997 r. nieopodal nadmorskiej
miejscowości Netzaryje w Libanie Południowym terroryści wybili do nogi cały
oddział. Poniosło śmierć 12 izraelskich komandosów podążających w tajemniczej
misji, ponoć celem porwania szejka Nasralli, przywódcy Hezbollahu. Kolejne
komisje państwowe powołane do wyjaśnienia okoliczności katastrofy oskarżały
żołnierzy o lekkomyślne używanie telefonów komórkowych zdradzających ich
obecność. Niedawno wyszło na jaw, że izraelski pułkownik służby czynnej dał
Hezbollahowi dokładne namiary na
komandosów w zamian za udział w transakcji narkotykowej.
W libańskie narkotyki dał się wrobić as Mosadu pułkownik Chanan Tenenbaum,
którego Hezbollah zwabił do Bejrutu obietnicą wielce intratnego interesu
kokainowego. Szejk Nasralla pojmał Tenenbauma, przesłuchał po swojemu i
obiecuje oddać lekko zdezelowanego pułkownika Szaronowi za 400 terrorystów
palestyńskich.
* * *
Ben Gurion widział Izrael czymś między Witebskiem Chagalla a Płońskiem, z
którego pochodził. Nie spodziewał się, że jego oczko w głowie – izraelska
armia – stanie się wylęgarnią dorobkiewiczów, alfonsów, handlarzy niewolników
i chciwców wszelkiej maści, od pokątnych aferzystów po generałów
multimilionerów. Naiwny Ben Gurion używał liczby pojedynczej, gdy
przepowiadał, że Izrael będzie normalnym państwem dopiero wtedy, kiedy będzie
miał własnego złodzieja i własną kurwę.
Autor : Michael Szot
Doganialiśmy już Japonię, doganiamy Izrael.
Można było oczekiwać, że w Izraelu zapanują koszarowe porządki w wyniku
pełzającego przewrotu wojskowego, który w ciągu ostatnich lat zmienił nie do
poznania oblicze żydowskiego państwa. .... Do państwowego żłobu dorwali się
umundurowani macherzy zajęci zdobywaniem mamony, a nie czyszczeniem
żydowskiej obory po socjaldemokratach Goldzie Meir i Icchaku Rabinie. Nikt
nie traci czasu biznesowego na słuchanie dyrektyw Rady Bezpieczeństwa ONZ, na
zapewnienie obywatelom miejsc pracy, na hasła równości wobec prawa i na
bezpieczeństwo. "Prowadzimy wojnę z terrorem" – usprawiedliwiają się, gdy
hebrajskie pismactwo zarzuca im prywatę i nieudolność.
* * *
Na czele wojskowej koterii rządzącej izraelskimi Żydami stoi 75-letni generał
rezerwy Ariel Szaron .... Po przejściu do cywila w roku 1972 Szaron pożyczył
200 tys. dolarów od biznesmena Meszulama Richlisa i nabył od państwa położone
na Negewie olbrzymie gospodarstwo rolne Szikmim, którego rzeczywista wartość
oceniana jest na 30 mln dolarów. Obejmując w roku 1977 funkcję ministra
rolnictwa w rządzie Menachema Begina (kaprala w armii Andersa), Szaron
potrafił forsować ustawy dające jego farmie lukratywne przywileje. Nie
zapomniał o swoim gospodarstwie i największej w Izraelu hodowli baranów
obejmując stanowisko ministra handlu i przemysłu – przeforsował dekret
zabraniający importu mięsa z zagranicy.
Będąc szefem izraelskiego Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych, a następnie
premierem nakłaniał rząd Grecji do wydzierżawienia izraelskiemu biznesmenowi
z Jerozolimy Dawidowi Aplowi niezamieszkanej, kamienistej wysepki. Apel –
przyjaciel Szarona i sponsor prawicowego Likudu – zamierzał zbudować na niej
grecko-izraelskie Las Vegas: hotele, kasyna gry i luksusowe lupanary.
W rewanżu za pomoc Apel wziął na garnuszek syna Szarona – mizernej postury
Gilada zawiadującego rodzinną farmą Szikmim. Fakt, że Giladowi Szaronowi
brakuje rozeznania w interesach międzynarodowych, nie przeszkodził Aplowi w
mianowaniu syna premiera Izraela "doradcą i konsultantem" w kwestiach
stawiania kasyna na wyspach greckich. Gilad dostał od Apla "retroaktywnie"
miesięczną pensję w wysokości 20 tys. dolarów, tudzież kilkaset tysięcy
dolarów w prezencie. To nie wszystko; w razie zgody Greków, o którą zabiegał
Szaron, syn premiera miał otrzymać od Apla dodatkowe 3 mln dolarów.
Interesy Szarona z Aplem stanowią obecnie przedmiot śledztwa policyjnego,
podobnie jak inne posunięcia finansowe Szarona: przyjmowanie przezeń
zagadkowych, wielomilionowych pożyczek od zagranicznych potentatów
finansowych i austriackich banków prowadzących interesy w Izraelu.
* * *
Przebrani po cywilnemu generałowie zawiadujący w Izraelu wszystkim, co
intratne, stojący na czele banków i towarzystw przemysłowych przynoszących
krociowe dochody, przekazują sobie z rąk do rąk firmy energetyczne, koncerny
naftowe, loterie państwowe, przedsiębiorstwa handlujące zagranicznymi
robotnikami, wykwintne burdele i wielce dochodowe posady municypalne.
Przechodzący do cywila generałowie i pułkownicy izraelskiej armii i Mosadu
nie gardzą karierą polityczną i fotelami w Knesecie.
Byli wojacy stali się prawdziwymi władcami Izraela i dokładają wszelkich
starań celem zlikwidowania ostatnich śladów izraelskiego, naiwnego socjalizmu
połowy ubiegłego stulecia. Dzięki daleko posuniętej symbiozie bonzów
przemysłu z władzą generałów upojonych możliwościami kapitalistycznej
gospodarki opartej na niewolniczej pracy obcych robotników, Izrael
przekształcił się w lewantyńską wersję republiki bananowej. Żydowska głowa do
interesów przywieziona z Europy Wschodniej i państw arabskich, pogardzana i
tępiona przez założyciela państwa Dawida Ben Guriona, ocknęła się do
interesów nawet w kibucach – niegdysiejszych komunach mających służyć
przykładem zdegenerowanej społeczności gojów. Izraelskie kibuce kierowane
przez pułkowników i generałów rezerwy porzucają nierentowne rolnictwo,
likwidują działalność przemysłową i oferują ziemię przedsiębiorcom budowlanym.
Wojsko wyznacza nowe normy moralne. Nikogo nie zaskoczyło, że pułkownik
izraelskiego lotnictwa Rami Dotan dowodzący państwowymi zakupami w USA
nabywał używane i zdezelowane części do silników samolotów F-16 i rakiety
pochodzące z demobilu, dzięki czemu powiększył swoje konto w banku łapówkami
w wysokości kilkunastu milionów dolarów.
* * *
Generał rezerwy i były premier Izraela Ehud Barak zdołał wyjednać u byłego
prezydenta Billa Clintona ułaskawienie żydowskiego multimilionera –
przestępcy, handlarza bronią Marka Ritza skazanego zaocznie w USA na 350 lat
więzienia za dostarczanie Iranowi broni masowej zagłady. Clinton ułaskawił
Ritza, a były kibucnik Barak buduje sobie willę w miejscowości Kwar Szmariahu
zamieszkanej przez elitę finansową Izraela. Koszt willi (ok. 10 mln dolarów)
pokrywa Barak z oszczędności rodzinnych.
Planując przeniesienie się do Kwar Szmariahu Barak postanowił rozwieść się z
żoną Nawą, dla której nie widział miejsca w sypialniach, salonach, ogrodach,
na korcie tenisowym i na basenie nowej rezydencji. Izraelczycy postawili uszy
na wiadomość, że Barak pędzi w knieje Nawę, z którą podczas kampanii
wyborczej biegał w reklamówkach telewizyjnych po wybrzeżu morskim trzymając
ją za paluszki. Rozwód Baraków rozszedł się jednak po kościach, gdy Nawa
zagroziła zwołaniem konferencji prasowej z udziałem Marka Ritza.
* * *
Swego czasu wstrząsnęła Izraelem wiadomość o zasadz-ce zgotowanej przez
libański Hezbollah izraelskim ludziom-żabom z oddziału komandosów morskich,
osławionej "trzynastki". 5 września 1997 r. nieopodal nadmorskiej
miejscowości Netzaryje w Libanie Południowym terroryści wybili do nogi cały
oddział. Poniosło śmierć 12 izraelskich komandosów podążających w tajemniczej
misji, ponoć celem porwania szejka Nasralli, przywódcy Hezbollahu. Kolejne
komisje państwowe powołane do wyjaśnienia okoliczności katastrofy oskarżały
żołnierzy o lekkomyślne używanie telefonów komórkowych zdradzających ich
obecność. Niedawno wyszło na jaw, że izraelski pułkownik służby czynnej dał
Hezbollahowi dokładne namiary na
komandosów w zamian za udział w transakcji narkotykowej.
W libańskie narkotyki dał się wrobić as Mosadu pułkownik Chanan Tenenbaum,
którego Hezbollah zwabił do Bejrutu obietnicą wielce intratnego interesu
kokainowego. Szejk Nasralla pojmał Tenenbauma, przesłuchał po swojemu i
obiecuje oddać lekko zdezelowanego pułkownika Szaronowi za 400 terrorystów
palestyńskich.
* * *
Ben Gurion widział Izrael czymś między Witebskiem Chagalla a Płońskiem, z
którego pochodził. Nie spodziewał się, że jego oczko w głowie – izraelska
armia – stanie się wylęgarnią dorobkiewiczów, alfonsów, handlarzy niewolników
i chciwców wszelkiej maści, od pokątnych aferzystów po generałów
multimilionerów. Naiwny Ben Gurion używał liczby pojedynczej, gdy
przepowiadał, że Izrael będzie normalnym państwem dopiero wtedy, kiedy będzie
miał własnego złodzieja i własną kurwę.
Autor : Michael Szot
www.ox.ac.uk/aboutoxford/famous.shtml
1231
Roger Bacon, scholar
Stephen Hawking
1303 William of Ockham, philosopher and theologian
1360
John Wyclif, religious reformer
1382 Jerome of Prague, Czech religious reformer
1480 Thomas Wolsey, Lord Chancellor and Churchman
1492 Sir Thomas More, statesman and martyr
1499 Desiderius Erasmus, humanist and scholar
1520 William Tyndale, translator of the Bible
1572 Sir Walter Raleigh, explorer and statesman
1572 Sir Philip Sydney, poet
1584 John Donne, poet
1589 Archbishop Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury
1608 Thomas Hobbes, philosopher
1620 William Harvey, scientist, discoverer of the circulation of the blood
1647 Sir Christopher Wren, architect
1650 John Locke, philosopher
1654 Robert Boyle, scientist
1660 William Penn, founder of Pennsylvania
1675 Edmund Halley, astronomer
1692 Jethro Tull, agriculturalist and inventor
1710 Henry Pelham, UK Prime Minister 1743-54
1720 Jonathan Swift, author
1726 William Pitt the Elder, UK Prime Minister 1726
1728 Dr Samuel Johnson, diarist and writer
1744 Adam Smith, political economist
1787 George Canning, UK Prime Minister, 1827
1805 Sir Robert Peel, UK Prime Minister 1834-35 & 1841046
1810 John Keble, theologian
1816 Cardinal Newman, theologian
1828 William Gladstone, British Prime Minister
1834 John Ruskin, educational reformer and art critic
1851 Charles Dodgson (Lewis Carroll), author
1852 William Morris, artist and poet
1853 Edward Burne-Jones, artist
1873 Cecil Rhodes, statesman and philanthropist
Jeanette Winterson 1874 Oscar Wilde, author
1886 Gertrude Bell, explorer
1895 Eglantyne Jebb, founder of Save the Children
1897 Sir Thomas Beecham, conductor
1901 Clement Attlee, UK Prime Minister 1945-51
1907 Lawrence of Arabia, soldier and diplomat
1908 Sir Adrian Boult, conductor
1911 J R R Tolkien, author
1912 Harold Macmillan, UK Prime Minister 1957-63
1914 T S Eliot, poet
1916 Aldous Huxley, author
1919 Alfred, Lord Denning, former Master of the Rolls
1919 Anthony Eden, UK Prime Minister 1955-57
1922 Graham Greene, author
1922 Evelyn Waugh, author
1925 J William Fulbright, founder of the Fulbright scholarships
1925 W H Auden, poet
1926 Dr Theodeor Seuss Geisel, children's author and cartoonist
1926 Louis Macniece, poet
1928 Dorothy Hodgkin, Nobel Laureate in Chemistry 1964
1928 Sir Isaiah Berlin, philosopher
1930 William Golding, Nobel Laureate in Literature 1932
1934 Harold Wilson, UK Prime Minister 1964-70, 1974-76
1935 Edward Heath, UK Prime Minister 1970-74
1938 Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India 1966-1977 & 1980-84
1938 Dame Iris Murdoch, novelist and philosopher
1941 Robert Runcie, former Archbishop of Canterbury
1941 Kingsley Amis, author
1942 Tony Benn, politician
1943 Baroness Margaret Thatcher, British Prime Minister
1946 Sir Roger Bannister, athlete and neurosurgeon
1947 Sir Robin Day, writer and broadcaster
1948 Baroness Williams of Crosby, politician and academic
1949 Malcolm Fraser, Prime Minister of Australia 1975-83
1950 Sir Vidia S Naipaul, Nobel Laureate in Literature 2001
1951 Colin Cowdrey, cricketer
1953 Bob Hawke, Prime Minister of Australia 1983-1991
1954 Alan Bennett, playwright
Alex Coomber
1956 Dennis Potter, playwright
1957 Dudley Moore, actor
1959 Professor Stephen Hawking, theoretical physicist
1960 Dr Frene Ginwala, Speaker of the South African Assembly
1961 John Kufuor, President of Ghana 2001-
1962 Michael Palin, broadcaster
1962 Joanna Trollope, novelist
1964 Aung San Suu Kyi, Nobel Laureate (Peace)
1965 Philip Pullman, novelist
1968 Bill Clinton, President of the United States 1992-2000
1968 Martin Amis, novelist
1968 Jancis Robinson, wine expert
1969 Rick Stein, chef and broadcaster
1970 Professor Jonathan Sacks, Chief Rabbi
1971 Andrew Motion, Poet Laureate 1999-
1972 The Rt Hon Tony Blair, British Prime Minister
1973 Tim Berners Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web
1975 Rowan Atkinson, comedian
1975 Angus Deayton, comedian
1976 Helen Fielding, author
1978 Jeanette Winterson, novelist
1979 Hugh Grant, actor
1979 Nigella Lawson, broadcaster
1980 Sir Simon Rattle, conductor
1982 Armando Iannucci, comedian
1982 Fiona Bruce, television presenter
1983 Naruhito, Crown Prince of Japan
1984 King Abdullah of Jordan
1987 Yvette Cooper, MP, politician
1989 Viktor Orbán, Prime Minister of Hungary 1998-2002
1989 Matthew Pinsent, Olympic gold medal rower
1992 Alex Coomber, Olympic bronze-medal winning skeleton bob slider
1993 Emilia Fox, actress
1994 Stephanie Cook, Olympic gold-medal winning pentathlete
1231
Roger Bacon, scholar
Stephen Hawking
1303 William of Ockham, philosopher and theologian
1360
John Wyclif, religious reformer
1382 Jerome of Prague, Czech religious reformer
1480 Thomas Wolsey, Lord Chancellor and Churchman
1492 Sir Thomas More, statesman and martyr
1499 Desiderius Erasmus, humanist and scholar
1520 William Tyndale, translator of the Bible
1572 Sir Walter Raleigh, explorer and statesman
1572 Sir Philip Sydney, poet
1584 John Donne, poet
1589 Archbishop Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury
1608 Thomas Hobbes, philosopher
1620 William Harvey, scientist, discoverer of the circulation of the blood
1647 Sir Christopher Wren, architect
1650 John Locke, philosopher
1654 Robert Boyle, scientist
1660 William Penn, founder of Pennsylvania
1675 Edmund Halley, astronomer
1692 Jethro Tull, agriculturalist and inventor
1710 Henry Pelham, UK Prime Minister 1743-54
1720 Jonathan Swift, author
1726 William Pitt the Elder, UK Prime Minister 1726
1728 Dr Samuel Johnson, diarist and writer
1744 Adam Smith, political economist
1787 George Canning, UK Prime Minister, 1827
1805 Sir Robert Peel, UK Prime Minister 1834-35 & 1841046
1810 John Keble, theologian
1816 Cardinal Newman, theologian
1828 William Gladstone, British Prime Minister
1834 John Ruskin, educational reformer and art critic
1851 Charles Dodgson (Lewis Carroll), author
1852 William Morris, artist and poet
1853 Edward Burne-Jones, artist
1873 Cecil Rhodes, statesman and philanthropist
Jeanette Winterson 1874 Oscar Wilde, author
1886 Gertrude Bell, explorer
1895 Eglantyne Jebb, founder of Save the Children
1897 Sir Thomas Beecham, conductor
1901 Clement Attlee, UK Prime Minister 1945-51
1907 Lawrence of Arabia, soldier and diplomat
1908 Sir Adrian Boult, conductor
1911 J R R Tolkien, author
1912 Harold Macmillan, UK Prime Minister 1957-63
1914 T S Eliot, poet
1916 Aldous Huxley, author
1919 Alfred, Lord Denning, former Master of the Rolls
1919 Anthony Eden, UK Prime Minister 1955-57
1922 Graham Greene, author
1922 Evelyn Waugh, author
1925 J William Fulbright, founder of the Fulbright scholarships
1925 W H Auden, poet
1926 Dr Theodeor Seuss Geisel, children's author and cartoonist
1926 Louis Macniece, poet
1928 Dorothy Hodgkin, Nobel Laureate in Chemistry 1964
1928 Sir Isaiah Berlin, philosopher
1930 William Golding, Nobel Laureate in Literature 1932
1934 Harold Wilson, UK Prime Minister 1964-70, 1974-76
1935 Edward Heath, UK Prime Minister 1970-74
1938 Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India 1966-1977 & 1980-84
1938 Dame Iris Murdoch, novelist and philosopher
1941 Robert Runcie, former Archbishop of Canterbury
1941 Kingsley Amis, author
1942 Tony Benn, politician
1943 Baroness Margaret Thatcher, British Prime Minister
1946 Sir Roger Bannister, athlete and neurosurgeon
1947 Sir Robin Day, writer and broadcaster
1948 Baroness Williams of Crosby, politician and academic
1949 Malcolm Fraser, Prime Minister of Australia 1975-83
1950 Sir Vidia S Naipaul, Nobel Laureate in Literature 2001
1951 Colin Cowdrey, cricketer
1953 Bob Hawke, Prime Minister of Australia 1983-1991
1954 Alan Bennett, playwright
Alex Coomber
1956 Dennis Potter, playwright
1957 Dudley Moore, actor
1959 Professor Stephen Hawking, theoretical physicist
1960 Dr Frene Ginwala, Speaker of the South African Assembly
1961 John Kufuor, President of Ghana 2001-
1962 Michael Palin, broadcaster
1962 Joanna Trollope, novelist
1964 Aung San Suu Kyi, Nobel Laureate (Peace)
1965 Philip Pullman, novelist
1968 Bill Clinton, President of the United States 1992-2000
1968 Martin Amis, novelist
1968 Jancis Robinson, wine expert
1969 Rick Stein, chef and broadcaster
1970 Professor Jonathan Sacks, Chief Rabbi
1971 Andrew Motion, Poet Laureate 1999-
1972 The Rt Hon Tony Blair, British Prime Minister
1973 Tim Berners Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web
1975 Rowan Atkinson, comedian
1975 Angus Deayton, comedian
1976 Helen Fielding, author
1978 Jeanette Winterson, novelist
1979 Hugh Grant, actor
1979 Nigella Lawson, broadcaster
1980 Sir Simon Rattle, conductor
1982 Armando Iannucci, comedian
1982 Fiona Bruce, television presenter
1983 Naruhito, Crown Prince of Japan
1984 King Abdullah of Jordan
1987 Yvette Cooper, MP, politician
1989 Viktor Orbán, Prime Minister of Hungary 1998-2002
1989 Matthew Pinsent, Olympic gold medal rower
1992 Alex Coomber, Olympic bronze-medal winning skeleton bob slider
1993 Emilia Fox, actress
1994 Stephanie Cook, Olympic gold-medal winning pentathlete
Sisu wesimchu besimchat Tora, untu kawod la-Tora
Autor: Mateusz Dunikowski
Data: pon 27 paź 2003 15:37:17 CET
Przeczytane: 62 razy
Tańce, śpiew, procesje, polewanie wodą - towarzyszyły tydzień temu świętu
Simchat Tora - Radości Tory. Z tej okazji wczoraj również świętowali wspólnie
żydzi i chrześcijanie w Warszawie.
www.kosciol.pl/index.php?topic=inne
..................................................
Autor: Mateusz Dunikowski
Data: pon 27 paź 2003 15:37:17 CET
Przeczytane: 62 razy
Tańce, śpiew, procesje, polewanie wodą - towarzyszyły tydzień temu świętu
Simchat Tora - Radości Tory. Z tej okazji wczoraj również świętowali wspólnie
żydzi i chrześcijanie w Warszawie.
www.kosciol.pl/index.php?topic=inne
..................................................
www.google.com/search?num=100&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&q=Antonio+Damasio&btnG=Google+Search
www.google.com/search?num=100&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&q=spinoza&btnG=Google+Search
spinroot.com/spin/whatispin.html#A
____________________________________________________________________
:{א}:
www.google.com/search?num=100&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&q=spinoza&btnG=Google+Search
spinroot.com/spin/whatispin.html#A
____________________________________________________________________
:{א}:
Publicerad 10 nov 2003 08:43
"Först kommer gråten, sedan sorgen"
Vi tror att det är känslan av sorg som får oss att gråta. Men det är tvärtom,
menar neurologen Antonio Damasio i nya boken "På spaning efter Spinoza". Först
reagerar kroppen, därefter upplever vi glädje eller sorg, visar hans studier
av hjärnan.
Magnetkameror kan i dag berätta åtskilligt för forskarna om hur hjärnan
arbetar.
En normalt mycket harmonisk kvinna fick tillfällig lindring mot Parkinsons
sjukdom med hjälp av elektroder i hjärnan. När läkarna flyttade strömmen två
millimeter började hon oförklarligt gråta. Och plötsligt utgöt hon sig över
livets meningslöshet:
"Jag vill inte leva längre, jag känner avsmak för livet.
Allting är meningslöst, jag känner mig värdelös.
Jag är rädd i denna värld.
Jag vill gömma mig i ett hörn, jag är hopplös, varför besvärar jag er över
huvud taget?"
Läkaren avbröt förstås proceduren och nittio sekunder senare var kvinnan glad
igen. Snyftningarna upphörde, sorgen försvann från hennes ansikte och hon
frågade vad hon varit med om.
Neurologen Antonio Damasio tar detta oplanerade försök som intäkt för sin
teori om att våra känslor är en följd av våra kroppsfunktioner. Vi upplever
inte känslan av sorg förrän tecknen på sorg uppträtt. För att förklara vad han
menar skiljer han på emotioner och känslor. "Emotioner uppträder på kroppens
teater, medan känslorna utspelar sig på medvetandets scen", skriver Antonio
Damasio i sin senaste bok "På spaning efter Spinoza - glädje, sorg och den
kännande hjärnan" (Natur och Kultur) som just kommit ut i svensk översättning
av Björn Nilsson.
Det synsättet ställer en hel del på huvudet. Vi tänker oss ju gärna att
orsaken kommer före verkan och att det är känslan som kommer först och får
sitt uttryck i emotioner. Vi upplever att det är känslan av sorg som får oss
att gråta.
"Denna uppfattning är felaktig och i varje fall delvis ansvarig för att det
dröjt när det gällt att hitta en trovärdig neurobiologisk förklaring av
känslor", skriver Damasio.
Kvinnan som på konstlad väg oavsiktligt fick emotionen "sorg" framkallad,
upplevde känslan av sorg efter en stund och först därefter började hon
formulera de nedstämda tankar som stämde överens med sorgen. När
elektriciteten slogs av försvann i tur och ordning emotionen, känslan och de
plågsamma tankarna.
Med en ofta häpnadsväckande precision kan neurologiska sjukdomar ge oss en
unik inblick i den befästa och slutna borg som människans hjärna och
medvetande är, skriver Antonio Damasio.
Han är professor i neurologi och verksam bland annat vid universitetet i Iowa
i USA. Hans forskning inom klinisk neurologi är av den sorten att den får rent
existentiella dimensioner. Själv är han inte heller främmande för att dra in
moralfilosofi när han lägger fram sina idéer för en bredare publik.
"På spaning efter Spinoza" är inte den första av hans böcker som översatts
till svenska. Redan 1999 uppmärksammades han för sin bok "Descartes misstag".
Misstaget bestod av filosofen Cartesius delning av människan i kropp och
tanke, en villfarelse som följt västerländskt medicinskt tänkande och därmed
begränsat det. När läkarvetenskapen betraktat tankar och känslor som
bortkopplade från kroppsfunktionerna har den inte fullt förstått hur vi
fungerar. Känslorna är nödvändiga för att vi ska kunna fatta rimliga beslut.
Förra året kom "Känslan av att leva" som handlade om kroppens och känslornas
betydelse för medvetenheten, vår förmåga att konstruera och uppleva
ett "själv".
Hänsyftningen till Baruch Spinoza (1632-77) i årets bok grundar sig på att
denna filosof uppfattade känslor som en viktig sida av det mänskliga och i
detta var långt före sin tid, menar Damasio.
"Glädje och sorg var två framträdande begrepp i Spinozas försök att förstå
människor och visa hur deras liv kunde bli bättre", skriver Damasio och
konstaterar att trots att Spinozas idéer är en del av vår moderna kultur så
refererar man aldrig till honom när man försöker förstå medvetandets biologi.
På det sociala området har Spinozas tänkande mött större tacksamhet. Vi har
anammat hans demokratiska tankar om yttrandefriheten.
"Låt varje människa tänka som hon vill och säga vad hon tänker", skrev Spinoza
bland annat.
Antonio Damasio är på inget sätt ensam i sin helhetssyn på kropp och hjärna
utan representerar vad en stor del av den moderna neurologin i dag står för.
Alla levande varelser föds med automatiska livsfunktioner som inte kräver
tankar. Utvecklingen har skapat ett allt sinnrikare system. Damasio skissar
det som ett träd. Längst ner finns ämnesomsättningen som svarar för balansen i
vår inre kemi. Över det finns de grundläggande reflexerna, som reagerar på
plötsliga ljud eller beröring och som styr bort organismen från kyla, hetta
och mörker. Ovanpå detta återfinns immunsystemet som avvärjer attacker
utifrån - och inifrån.
På nästa nivå placerar Damasio beteenden som rör lust och olust, vi upplever
till exempel smärta och skyddar en skadad kroppsdel med handen. Näst högst upp
finns drifter och motiv som hunger, nyfikenhet och sex. Spinoza kallade dem
böjelser och använde ordet begär för att beskriva den medvetna upplevelsen av
att ha en böjelse.
Nästan högst upp i detta träd "hittar vi kronjuvelen i den automatiserade
regleringen av livet": emotionerna. Och allra högst upp känslorna.
Poängen med resonemanget är att allt detta hör samman. Vi kan alltså inte
klara av att styra vårt liv utan känslorna. För att bevisa sin tes använder
Damasio patienter med hjärnskador. Han riktar sitt intresse mot vissa delar av
pannloben, den "prefrontala regionen", speciellt den "ventromediala delen".
Dessa patienters problem är begränsade till deras underliga sociala beteende.
Trots att de verkar helt normala och att deras intelligens är hög i teknisk
bemärkelse är de värdelösa på att fatta rätt beslut. De saknar ofta helt
emotioner som förlägenhet, skuld och sympati. Och eftersom de inte kan se den
känslomässiga följden av ett val blir det ofta fel. De kan inte sätta sig in i
om beslutet får behagliga eller obehagliga konsekvenser.
En ung flicka som Damasio studerat hade blivit påkörd av en bil när hon var
drygt ett år. Eftersom hon återhämtade sig på ett par dagar tänkte ingen i
familjen vidare på det. Men hon utvecklades annorlunda än sina syskon. När hon
var tre år reagerade hon inte på verbala eller ens fysiska bestraffningar. När
hon var fjorton år satte föräldrarna henne på ett behandlingshem. Det var
inget intellektuellt fel på henne, men hon slutförde aldrig några uppgifter
och kunde inte följa sociala regler. Senare lyckades hon inte behålla några
jobb, och hon kunde inte hålla i pengar. Inte heller visade hon skuld, ånger
eller sympati.
Hon var tjugo år när Damasio och hans forskarlag blev inkopplade. De gjorde en
magnetisk resonanstomografi av hennes hjärna och fann just den prefrontala
hjärnskada som orsakar dessa problem. Nu utvecklar forskarlaget
rehabiliteringsprogram för sådana patienter, skriver Damasio i sin bok.
Han påstår inte att alla ungdomar med avvikande socialt beteende har en
hjärnskada som inte upptäckts. Men han misstänker att många personer som har
sådant beteende har en störning i hjärnsystemet.
Han håller ändå frågan öppen huruvida skälen alltid är rent medicinska.
"En sådan
"Först kommer gråten, sedan sorgen"
Vi tror att det är känslan av sorg som får oss att gråta. Men det är tvärtom,
menar neurologen Antonio Damasio i nya boken "På spaning efter Spinoza". Först
reagerar kroppen, därefter upplever vi glädje eller sorg, visar hans studier
av hjärnan.
Magnetkameror kan i dag berätta åtskilligt för forskarna om hur hjärnan
arbetar.
En normalt mycket harmonisk kvinna fick tillfällig lindring mot Parkinsons
sjukdom med hjälp av elektroder i hjärnan. När läkarna flyttade strömmen två
millimeter började hon oförklarligt gråta. Och plötsligt utgöt hon sig över
livets meningslöshet:
"Jag vill inte leva längre, jag känner avsmak för livet.
Allting är meningslöst, jag känner mig värdelös.
Jag är rädd i denna värld.
Jag vill gömma mig i ett hörn, jag är hopplös, varför besvärar jag er över
huvud taget?"
Läkaren avbröt förstås proceduren och nittio sekunder senare var kvinnan glad
igen. Snyftningarna upphörde, sorgen försvann från hennes ansikte och hon
frågade vad hon varit med om.
Neurologen Antonio Damasio tar detta oplanerade försök som intäkt för sin
teori om att våra känslor är en följd av våra kroppsfunktioner. Vi upplever
inte känslan av sorg förrän tecknen på sorg uppträtt. För att förklara vad han
menar skiljer han på emotioner och känslor. "Emotioner uppträder på kroppens
teater, medan känslorna utspelar sig på medvetandets scen", skriver Antonio
Damasio i sin senaste bok "På spaning efter Spinoza - glädje, sorg och den
kännande hjärnan" (Natur och Kultur) som just kommit ut i svensk översättning
av Björn Nilsson.
Det synsättet ställer en hel del på huvudet. Vi tänker oss ju gärna att
orsaken kommer före verkan och att det är känslan som kommer först och får
sitt uttryck i emotioner. Vi upplever att det är känslan av sorg som får oss
att gråta.
"Denna uppfattning är felaktig och i varje fall delvis ansvarig för att det
dröjt när det gällt att hitta en trovärdig neurobiologisk förklaring av
känslor", skriver Damasio.
Kvinnan som på konstlad väg oavsiktligt fick emotionen "sorg" framkallad,
upplevde känslan av sorg efter en stund och först därefter började hon
formulera de nedstämda tankar som stämde överens med sorgen. När
elektriciteten slogs av försvann i tur och ordning emotionen, känslan och de
plågsamma tankarna.
Med en ofta häpnadsväckande precision kan neurologiska sjukdomar ge oss en
unik inblick i den befästa och slutna borg som människans hjärna och
medvetande är, skriver Antonio Damasio.
Han är professor i neurologi och verksam bland annat vid universitetet i Iowa
i USA. Hans forskning inom klinisk neurologi är av den sorten att den får rent
existentiella dimensioner. Själv är han inte heller främmande för att dra in
moralfilosofi när han lägger fram sina idéer för en bredare publik.
"På spaning efter Spinoza" är inte den första av hans böcker som översatts
till svenska. Redan 1999 uppmärksammades han för sin bok "Descartes misstag".
Misstaget bestod av filosofen Cartesius delning av människan i kropp och
tanke, en villfarelse som följt västerländskt medicinskt tänkande och därmed
begränsat det. När läkarvetenskapen betraktat tankar och känslor som
bortkopplade från kroppsfunktionerna har den inte fullt förstått hur vi
fungerar. Känslorna är nödvändiga för att vi ska kunna fatta rimliga beslut.
Förra året kom "Känslan av att leva" som handlade om kroppens och känslornas
betydelse för medvetenheten, vår förmåga att konstruera och uppleva
ett "själv".
Hänsyftningen till Baruch Spinoza (1632-77) i årets bok grundar sig på att
denna filosof uppfattade känslor som en viktig sida av det mänskliga och i
detta var långt före sin tid, menar Damasio.
"Glädje och sorg var två framträdande begrepp i Spinozas försök att förstå
människor och visa hur deras liv kunde bli bättre", skriver Damasio och
konstaterar att trots att Spinozas idéer är en del av vår moderna kultur så
refererar man aldrig till honom när man försöker förstå medvetandets biologi.
På det sociala området har Spinozas tänkande mött större tacksamhet. Vi har
anammat hans demokratiska tankar om yttrandefriheten.
"Låt varje människa tänka som hon vill och säga vad hon tänker", skrev Spinoza
bland annat.
Antonio Damasio är på inget sätt ensam i sin helhetssyn på kropp och hjärna
utan representerar vad en stor del av den moderna neurologin i dag står för.
Alla levande varelser föds med automatiska livsfunktioner som inte kräver
tankar. Utvecklingen har skapat ett allt sinnrikare system. Damasio skissar
det som ett träd. Längst ner finns ämnesomsättningen som svarar för balansen i
vår inre kemi. Över det finns de grundläggande reflexerna, som reagerar på
plötsliga ljud eller beröring och som styr bort organismen från kyla, hetta
och mörker. Ovanpå detta återfinns immunsystemet som avvärjer attacker
utifrån - och inifrån.
På nästa nivå placerar Damasio beteenden som rör lust och olust, vi upplever
till exempel smärta och skyddar en skadad kroppsdel med handen. Näst högst upp
finns drifter och motiv som hunger, nyfikenhet och sex. Spinoza kallade dem
böjelser och använde ordet begär för att beskriva den medvetna upplevelsen av
att ha en böjelse.
Nästan högst upp i detta träd "hittar vi kronjuvelen i den automatiserade
regleringen av livet": emotionerna. Och allra högst upp känslorna.
Poängen med resonemanget är att allt detta hör samman. Vi kan alltså inte
klara av att styra vårt liv utan känslorna. För att bevisa sin tes använder
Damasio patienter med hjärnskador. Han riktar sitt intresse mot vissa delar av
pannloben, den "prefrontala regionen", speciellt den "ventromediala delen".
Dessa patienters problem är begränsade till deras underliga sociala beteende.
Trots att de verkar helt normala och att deras intelligens är hög i teknisk
bemärkelse är de värdelösa på att fatta rätt beslut. De saknar ofta helt
emotioner som förlägenhet, skuld och sympati. Och eftersom de inte kan se den
känslomässiga följden av ett val blir det ofta fel. De kan inte sätta sig in i
om beslutet får behagliga eller obehagliga konsekvenser.
En ung flicka som Damasio studerat hade blivit påkörd av en bil när hon var
drygt ett år. Eftersom hon återhämtade sig på ett par dagar tänkte ingen i
familjen vidare på det. Men hon utvecklades annorlunda än sina syskon. När hon
var tre år reagerade hon inte på verbala eller ens fysiska bestraffningar. När
hon var fjorton år satte föräldrarna henne på ett behandlingshem. Det var
inget intellektuellt fel på henne, men hon slutförde aldrig några uppgifter
och kunde inte följa sociala regler. Senare lyckades hon inte behålla några
jobb, och hon kunde inte hålla i pengar. Inte heller visade hon skuld, ånger
eller sympati.
Hon var tjugo år när Damasio och hans forskarlag blev inkopplade. De gjorde en
magnetisk resonanstomografi av hennes hjärna och fann just den prefrontala
hjärnskada som orsakar dessa problem. Nu utvecklar forskarlaget
rehabiliteringsprogram för sådana patienter, skriver Damasio i sin bok.
Han påstår inte att alla ungdomar med avvikande socialt beteende har en
hjärnskada som inte upptäckts. Men han misstänker att många personer som har
sådant beteende har en störning i hjärnsystemet.
Han håller ändå frågan öppen huruvida skälen alltid är rent medicinska.
"En sådan
• Drogi Borysie,a jak sprawy milosne ostatnio? IP: *.bchsia.telus.net
Gość: kazamat 10.11.03, 05:53 zarchiwizowany
www.2040gallery.com/home.html
2041. hledam holku na prijemny sex ve dvou. Kdo to chce zkusi at se ozve
i klidne SMS na c.:0604916978
www.inopressa.ru/rubric.html?section=4&num=205
This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo
does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of
this memo is unlimited.
www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2042.html
2041. hledam holku na prijemny sex ve dvou. Kdo to chce zkusi at se ozve
i klidne SMS na c.:0604916978
www.inopressa.ru/rubric.html?section=4&num=205
This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo
does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of
this memo is unlimited.
www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2042.html
Meetup organizes local interest groups.
Mac, Hong Kong, HK
What?Meetup is a free service that organizes local gatherings about anything,
anywhere.
Who?796,046 people have already signed up for Meetups about 2,409 topics.
Where?Meetups happen at local cafes (and other places) in 604 cities across 45
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manager skillright (5 min ago.)
PennyLee Raw Foodists, Pasadena, CA: Living in Azusa Canyon, near the San
Gabriel River, close to Covina, Pomona, San Dimas (5 min ago.)
rpjdelca Homeschooling families, Dade County, FL: HI! my name is Patty, I'm
the mother of a 10 years old girl, she is doing 4&5th grade, this is our first
homeschooling. We will like to start an Enrichment Center. I need families
that are interested to e-mail me that way we can start ASAP (7 min ago.)
LanguageBug Japanese Students & Teachers, Manchester, England: Hi, I've been
studying Japanese for about 5 years now, and have recently created a website
to distribute my kanji learning software for mobile phones, called KANJIQ.
It's free, so please give it a try! link (9 min ago.) Upcoming Meetups
Tarot Card Readers, New York City in 3 hours
Tarot Card Readers, Wichita, KS in 4 hours
Tarot Card Readers, Portland, OR in 6 hours
Graphic Designers, New Delhi in 21 hours
Radiohead Fans, Moscow, Russia in 23 hours
Graphic Designers, Beirut, Lebanon in 24 hours
Stand by Israel Supporters, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel in 24 hours
Featured Meetups
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candidate, Gov. Howard Dean. [sponsored]
March for Choice - Gather with others in support of abortion rights and
reproductive freedom for all women. Mobilize for the big April 2004 march.
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CD Swap - Trade your old CDs with others. This is a pure barter exchange, no
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NASCAR - Find other NASCAR fans in your town to talk drivers, cars and races.
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your new home. Now, how about meeting some neighbors?
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Townhall.com
"If the first meeting is as successful as the sign-up efforts, conservatives
may very well have found the right platform to advance their grassroots
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Sun, Nov 2
Doonesbury
Another Meetup cameo in Doonesbury! See it here.
Wed, Oct 22
60 Minutes II
Meetup gets highlighted on 60 Minutes II with Dan Rather. Pic
Tue, Oct 14
Did you see...
Meetup on the front page of The Wall Street Journal? Link
see more
Buzz...
"Meetup. com has quickly become something of a social phenomenon."
- Boston Herald
"Nobody calls them meetings anymore -- they're Meetups, plain and simple."
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since the Web site was launched last year."
- Fort Worth Star-Telegram
"A site that facilitates meetings of all types of aficionados: liberals, book
clubs, pet owners, knitters"
- The Denver Post
"Meetup.com has made a mark on the 2004 campaign, allowing the candidate to
quickly organize local volunteers"
- Bangor Daily News
archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Cyberia/Expo/bima_nav.html
science.howstuffworks.com/light2.htm
..............................................
science.howstuffworks.com/light2.htm
..............................................
ORGANIZATION OF THE COMMITTEE FOR STATE SECURITY
The basic organizational structure of the KGB was created in 1954, when the
reorganization of the police apparatus was carried out. In the late 1980s, the
KGB remained a highly centralized institution, with controls implemented by
the Politburo through the KGB headquarters in Moscow.
Structure
The KGB was originally designated as a "state committee attached to the
Council of Ministers." On July 5, 1978, a new law on the Council of Ministers
changed the status of the KGB, along with that of several other state
committees, so that its chairman was a member of the Council of Ministers by
law. According to the 1977 Soviet Constitution, the Council of
Ministers "coordinates and directs" the work of the ministries and state
committees, including the KGB. In practice, however, the KGB had more autonomy
than most other government bodies and operated with a large degree of
independence from the Council of Ministers. The situation was similar with the
Supreme Soviet, which had formal authority over the Council of Ministers and
its agencies. In 1989 the actual powers of the Supreme Soviet, however, gave
it little if any power over KGB operations.
The KGB was a union-republic state committee, controlling corresponding state
committees of the same name in the fourteen non-Russian republics. (All-union
ministries and state committees, by contrast, did not have corresponding
branches in the republics but executed their functions directly through
Moscow.) Below the republic level, there existed KGB administrations
(upravleniia) in the kraia (see Glossary) and oblasts (see Glossary). In the
Russian Republic, however, there was no separate KGB. Oblast KGB
administrations in the Russian Republic were subordinated directly to the
central KGB offices in Moscow. At the lower levels, autonomous okruga (see
Glossary), cities, and raiony (see Glossary) had KGB departments or sections.
The KGB also had a broad network of special departments in all major
government institutions, enterprises, and factories. They generally consisted
of one or more KGB representatives, whose purpose was to ensure the observance
of security regulations and to monitor political sentiments among employees.
The special departments recruited informers to help them in their tasks. A
separate and very extensive network of special departments existed within the
armed forces and defense-related institutions.
Although a union-republic agency, the KGB was highly centralized and was
controlled rigidly from the top. The KGB central staff kept a close watch over
the operations of its branches, leaving the latter minimal autonomous
authority over policy or cadre selection. Moreover, local government organs
had little involvement in local KGB activities. Indeed, the high degree of
centralization in the KGB was reflected in the fact that regional KGB branches
were not subordinated to the local soviets (see Glossary), but only to the KGB
hierarchy. Thus, they differed from local branches of most union-republic
ministerial agencies, such as the MVD, which were subject to dual
subordination.
The KGB was directed by a chairman--who was formally appointed by the Supreme
Soviet but actually was selected by the Politburo-- one or two first deputy
chairmen, and several (usually four to six) deputy chairmen. Key decisions
were made by the KGB Collegium, which was a collective leadership body
composed of the chairman, deputy chairmen, chiefs of certain KGB directorates,
and one or two chairmen of republic KGB organizations.
Data as of May 1989
.............................
Functions and Internal Organization
As a state committee with ministerial status, the KGB operated on the basis of
a statute (polozhenie), confirmed by the Council of Ministers, that set forth
in legal terms the KGB's powers and duties. Unlike the majority of statutes
governing ministerial agencies, the KGB's statute was not published.
Nevertheless, Soviet textbooks on administrative law offered useful statements
about the KGB's role and functions. The KGB's tasks were generally defined in
official Soviet publications as encompassing four areas: the struggle against
foreign spies and agents, the exposure and investigation of political and
economic crimes by citizens, the protection of state borders, and the
protection of state secrets. In addition, the KGB was charged with a wide
range of preventive tasks, which were designed to eliminate the causes of both
political and ordinary crimes. In other words, the KGB was tasked with
ferreting out potential threats to the state and preventing the development of
unorthodox political and social attitudes among the population.
Western estimates of KGB manpower have ranged from 490,000 in 1973 to 700,000
in 1986. There are no published estimates of the KGB budget. Many KGB
personnel were institutions to which they were assigned, and the KGB received
support and services from the military and other institutions, rendering a
meaningful budgetary accounting particularly problematic.
Official Soviet sources did not discuss the internal structure of the KGB in
detail. Nevertheless, some information on KGB organization and functions has
been revealed by Soviet defectors and other sources. In 1988 the KGB had five
chief directorates and three known (possible another) directorates that were
smaller in size and scope than the chief directorates, as well as various
other administrative and technical support departments.
The First Chief Directorate (Foreign Operations) was responsible for all
foreign operations and intelligence-gathering activities. It was divided into
both functional services--training and management of covert agents,
intelligence analysis, and collection of political, scientific, and
technological intelligence--and geographic departments for different areas of
the world. The Directorage included a spetsnaz group formed in August 1981 to
conduct external reconnaissance, sabotage, training and security missions,
though in practice the unit was particularly active in internal-security
actions.
The Second Chief Directorate was responsible for internal political control of
Soviet citizens and foreigners residing within the Soviet Union, including
both diplomats and tourists.
The Third Chief Directorate [Armed Forces ]dealt with military
counterintelligence and political surveillance of the Soviet armed forces. The
Armed Forces Directorate was divided into twelve major departments that
oversaw all the various military and paramilitary formations of the Soviet
government. Officers from the Directorate were stationed at every echelon of
Soviet armed forces down to the company level, in each military district, with
every naval group, at each military front. These KGB officers reported through
their own chain of command to KGB headquarters.
The Fifth Chief Directorate also dealt with internal security. Created in 1969
late 1960s to combat political dissent, it took up some of the tasks
previously handled by the Second Chief Directorate. The Fifth Chief
Directorate had special operational departments for religious dissent,
national minorities, the intelligentsia and the artistic community, and
censorship of literature.
The Seventh Directorate (Surveillance) handled surveillance, providing
personnel and technical equipment to follow and monitor the activities of both
foreigners and suspect Soviet citizens. Much of this work was centered in the
Moscow and Leningrad areas, where tourists, diplomats, foreign students, and
members of the Soviet intelligentsia were concentrated. The Al'fa (Alpha)
counterterrorist group was subordinated to Seventh Main Directorate. Alpha was
involved in many counterterrorist and internal-security mi
The basic organizational structure of the KGB was created in 1954, when the
reorganization of the police apparatus was carried out. In the late 1980s, the
KGB remained a highly centralized institution, with controls implemented by
the Politburo through the KGB headquarters in Moscow.
Structure
The KGB was originally designated as a "state committee attached to the
Council of Ministers." On July 5, 1978, a new law on the Council of Ministers
changed the status of the KGB, along with that of several other state
committees, so that its chairman was a member of the Council of Ministers by
law. According to the 1977 Soviet Constitution, the Council of
Ministers "coordinates and directs" the work of the ministries and state
committees, including the KGB. In practice, however, the KGB had more autonomy
than most other government bodies and operated with a large degree of
independence from the Council of Ministers. The situation was similar with the
Supreme Soviet, which had formal authority over the Council of Ministers and
its agencies. In 1989 the actual powers of the Supreme Soviet, however, gave
it little if any power over KGB operations.
The KGB was a union-republic state committee, controlling corresponding state
committees of the same name in the fourteen non-Russian republics. (All-union
ministries and state committees, by contrast, did not have corresponding
branches in the republics but executed their functions directly through
Moscow.) Below the republic level, there existed KGB administrations
(upravleniia) in the kraia (see Glossary) and oblasts (see Glossary). In the
Russian Republic, however, there was no separate KGB. Oblast KGB
administrations in the Russian Republic were subordinated directly to the
central KGB offices in Moscow. At the lower levels, autonomous okruga (see
Glossary), cities, and raiony (see Glossary) had KGB departments or sections.
The KGB also had a broad network of special departments in all major
government institutions, enterprises, and factories. They generally consisted
of one or more KGB representatives, whose purpose was to ensure the observance
of security regulations and to monitor political sentiments among employees.
The special departments recruited informers to help them in their tasks. A
separate and very extensive network of special departments existed within the
armed forces and defense-related institutions.
Although a union-republic agency, the KGB was highly centralized and was
controlled rigidly from the top. The KGB central staff kept a close watch over
the operations of its branches, leaving the latter minimal autonomous
authority over policy or cadre selection. Moreover, local government organs
had little involvement in local KGB activities. Indeed, the high degree of
centralization in the KGB was reflected in the fact that regional KGB branches
were not subordinated to the local soviets (see Glossary), but only to the KGB
hierarchy. Thus, they differed from local branches of most union-republic
ministerial agencies, such as the MVD, which were subject to dual
subordination.
The KGB was directed by a chairman--who was formally appointed by the Supreme
Soviet but actually was selected by the Politburo-- one or two first deputy
chairmen, and several (usually four to six) deputy chairmen. Key decisions
were made by the KGB Collegium, which was a collective leadership body
composed of the chairman, deputy chairmen, chiefs of certain KGB directorates,
and one or two chairmen of republic KGB organizations.
Data as of May 1989
.............................
Functions and Internal Organization
As a state committee with ministerial status, the KGB operated on the basis of
a statute (polozhenie), confirmed by the Council of Ministers, that set forth
in legal terms the KGB's powers and duties. Unlike the majority of statutes
governing ministerial agencies, the KGB's statute was not published.
Nevertheless, Soviet textbooks on administrative law offered useful statements
about the KGB's role and functions. The KGB's tasks were generally defined in
official Soviet publications as encompassing four areas: the struggle against
foreign spies and agents, the exposure and investigation of political and
economic crimes by citizens, the protection of state borders, and the
protection of state secrets. In addition, the KGB was charged with a wide
range of preventive tasks, which were designed to eliminate the causes of both
political and ordinary crimes. In other words, the KGB was tasked with
ferreting out potential threats to the state and preventing the development of
unorthodox political and social attitudes among the population.
Western estimates of KGB manpower have ranged from 490,000 in 1973 to 700,000
in 1986. There are no published estimates of the KGB budget. Many KGB
personnel were institutions to which they were assigned, and the KGB received
support and services from the military and other institutions, rendering a
meaningful budgetary accounting particularly problematic.
Official Soviet sources did not discuss the internal structure of the KGB in
detail. Nevertheless, some information on KGB organization and functions has
been revealed by Soviet defectors and other sources. In 1988 the KGB had five
chief directorates and three known (possible another) directorates that were
smaller in size and scope than the chief directorates, as well as various
other administrative and technical support departments.
The First Chief Directorate (Foreign Operations) was responsible for all
foreign operations and intelligence-gathering activities. It was divided into
both functional services--training and management of covert agents,
intelligence analysis, and collection of political, scientific, and
technological intelligence--and geographic departments for different areas of
the world. The Directorage included a spetsnaz group formed in August 1981 to
conduct external reconnaissance, sabotage, training and security missions,
though in practice the unit was particularly active in internal-security
actions.
The Second Chief Directorate was responsible for internal political control of
Soviet citizens and foreigners residing within the Soviet Union, including
both diplomats and tourists.
The Third Chief Directorate [Armed Forces ]dealt with military
counterintelligence and political surveillance of the Soviet armed forces. The
Armed Forces Directorate was divided into twelve major departments that
oversaw all the various military and paramilitary formations of the Soviet
government. Officers from the Directorate were stationed at every echelon of
Soviet armed forces down to the company level, in each military district, with
every naval group, at each military front. These KGB officers reported through
their own chain of command to KGB headquarters.
The Fifth Chief Directorate also dealt with internal security. Created in 1969
late 1960s to combat political dissent, it took up some of the tasks
previously handled by the Second Chief Directorate. The Fifth Chief
Directorate had special operational departments for religious dissent,
national minorities, the intelligentsia and the artistic community, and
censorship of literature.
The Seventh Directorate (Surveillance) handled surveillance, providing
personnel and technical equipment to follow and monitor the activities of both
foreigners and suspect Soviet citizens. Much of this work was centered in the
Moscow and Leningrad areas, where tourists, diplomats, foreign students, and
members of the Soviet intelligentsia were concentrated. The Al'fa (Alpha)
counterterrorist group was subordinated to Seventh Main Directorate. Alpha was
involved in many counterterrorist and internal-security mi
Publicerad 6 november 2003 17:40
Maria Borowska
Maria Borowska har avlidit i Warszawa 84 år gammal. Hon föddes i Polen och kom
till Sverige som flykting 1969. Hennes närmaste är sonen Mischa Borowski och
sondöttrarna Julia och Elin.
Maria Borowska var en kämpande demokrat, en socialist av den gamla stammen som
drevs av medkänsla och rättvisepatos. Hennes insats för den polska demokratin
är minnesvärd. Hon var på sitt diskreta sätt en framgångsrik politiker och
budbärare i frihetens tjänst.
Det var till största delen hennes förtjänst att kretsen kring Olof Palme redan
på 70-talet kom att lära känna och sedermera stödja den polska
demokratirörelsen. Hon utgav flera böcker om den polska oppositionen
(tillsammans med Sten Johansson och Jakub Swiecicki)
Efter krigstillståndet 1981 blev hon en inofficiell ambassadör här för de
fängslade ledarna för fackföreningsrörelsen Solidaritet. Adam Michnik och
Jacek Kuron visade ett obegränsat förtroende för hennes intelligens och
omdöme. (En gång råkade jag anmärka till Jacek Kuron att hon inte tolkade
honom helt ordagrant. "Bra", svarade han, "hon vet bättre än jag själv vad jag
vill säga".)
"Mira", som Maria hette i den polska underjorden, skapade på 80-talet Polsk-
svenskt kulturcentrum, som bland annat gav ut tidskriften Hotell Örnsköld med
polsk dikt och debatt i översättning. Hon initierade en mängd kontakter mellan
de två ländernas politiker och opinionsbildare. Man kan säga att hon höll i en
omfattande smuggelverksamhet av tankar och idéer åt båda hållen.
Hon föddes i en muslimsk-polsk familj av krimtartariskt ursprung. I känslan av
skam över familjens relativa välstånd rymde hon i fjortonårsåldern till
Warszawa där hon bosatte sig i fattigkvarteren. Efter kriget gick hon med i
kommunistpartiet men uteslöts 1956 på grund av sina demokratiska böjelser.
1949 gifte hon sig med den judiske arkitekten Natan Borowski men blev tidigt
änka. Den antisemitiska kampanjen, igångsatt av kommunistpartiet, tvang henne
och sonen i exil. Hon kom att tycka mycket om Sverige. Men när hennes son
efter viktig insats som arkitekt i Sverige återvände till Polen, följde hon
förra året efter honom.
Maria Borowskas energi var legendarisk. Hennes betydelse för den polska
demokratin har visat sig vara historisk. Själv minns jag henne allra mest för
hennes oresonliga hopp på rättvisans seger och hennes enastående begåvning för
medkänsla. Det var nog den som gjorde hennes omdöme så skarpt och hennes
hjärta så ungt. Många kommer att sakna henne djupt, både i Polen och i
Sverige.
Maciej Zaremba
www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=1473&a=200851
Swiêcicka, Elzbieta & Jakub
..........................................
www.landguiden.se/epok/article.asp?article_id=34
Född den 18 september 1949 i Warszawa. Bosatt i Sverige sedan 1972. Arbetar
hos Utrikespolitiska institutet.
Egna verk:
Kamp för Demokrati [tillsam. med Maria Borowska]. - Stockholm : Tidens förlag,
1979. - 221 s. ISBN 91-550-2365-7
De fyra små tigrarna. - Stockholm : Utrikespolitiska institutet, 1987. - 32 s.
ISBN 91-7182-962-8
Omvälvning i Östeuropa - Göteborg : MH Publishing och Utrikespolitiska
institutet, 1990. - 184 s. ISBN 91-971050-6-3
Polen mellan himmel och helvete. - Utrikespolitiska institutet, 1990. - 32 s.
ISBN 91-7182-727-7
Från plan till marknad : Priset för reformerna i öst. - Utrikespolitiska
institutet, 1995. - 36 s. ISBN 91-7183-075-8
Medverkan i samlingsverk:
Polen, den starkaste oppositionen, i Mänskliga rättigheter i Öst,
Samhällsutveckling och oposition i Europas sista diktatur
[Håkan Holmberg, Ülo Ignats m. fl.]. - Stockholm : Prisma, 1979. - 218 s. ISBN
91-518-1271-1
Polen och fred, i Har freden en chans, Efter U-båt 137 och Polen? [Ülo Ignats
(red.)]. - Stockholm : Askelin & Höglund, Stockholm, 1982. - 104 s. ISBN 91-
7684-011-5
Fördjupa och utvidga EU samtidigt!, i Sverige och den nya Eu-ropa [Claes
Arvidsson (red.)]. - Stockholm : Ekerlids förlag, 1995. - 128 s. ISBN 91-88594-
38-6
Även sammarbetar med SVERIGES RADIO OCH TV, SVENSKA DAG-BLADET, KULTURA
(Paris), TYGODNIK POWSZECHNY (Krakow).
..............................................................................
Av de turkiska språken är det officiella turkiska riksspråket det mest
betydelsefulla både kulturellt och politiskt. Turkiska är också ett stort
invandrarspråk i Sverige. Vidare är det med sin speciella struktur intressant
för den allmänna språkvetenskapen. Modern turkiet-turkiska har utvecklats ur
osmanska och tillhör sydvästgruppen av turkspråk. De turkiska språken är
mycket utbredda och finns från Balkan över Centralasien ända till Norra
Ishavet. Sammanlagt 80 miljoner talar turkiska språk. Turkspråken närstående
är mongoliska och tungusiska. För vidare turkologiska eller altaistiska
studier är turkiska en lämplig utgångspunkt.
Kunskaper i turkiskt riksspråk gör det möjligt att i viss mån förstå omkring
tjugo turkiska litteraturspråk, azerbadjanska, kazakiska, uzbekiska,
turkmenska etc. Alfabetet är det latinska.
Grundutbildningens mål är att ge kunskaper i turkiet-turkiskans
litteraturspråk och kännedom om turkfolkens historia, samhällsliv och kultur.
www.srii.org/drag4.htm
www.turkishdailynews.com/old_editions/06_09_99/dom2.htm
www.afro.uu.se/
..........................................
www.landguiden.se/epok/article.asp?article_id=34
Född den 18 september 1949 i Warszawa. Bosatt i Sverige sedan 1972. Arbetar
hos Utrikespolitiska institutet.
Egna verk:
Kamp för Demokrati [tillsam. med Maria Borowska]. - Stockholm : Tidens förlag,
1979. - 221 s. ISBN 91-550-2365-7
De fyra små tigrarna. - Stockholm : Utrikespolitiska institutet, 1987. - 32 s.
ISBN 91-7182-962-8
Omvälvning i Östeuropa - Göteborg : MH Publishing och Utrikespolitiska
institutet, 1990. - 184 s. ISBN 91-971050-6-3
Polen mellan himmel och helvete. - Utrikespolitiska institutet, 1990. - 32 s.
ISBN 91-7182-727-7
Från plan till marknad : Priset för reformerna i öst. - Utrikespolitiska
institutet, 1995. - 36 s. ISBN 91-7183-075-8
Medverkan i samlingsverk:
Polen, den starkaste oppositionen, i Mänskliga rättigheter i Öst,
Samhällsutveckling och oposition i Europas sista diktatur
[Håkan Holmberg, Ülo Ignats m. fl.]. - Stockholm : Prisma, 1979. - 218 s. ISBN
91-518-1271-1
Polen och fred, i Har freden en chans, Efter U-båt 137 och Polen? [Ülo Ignats
(red.)]. - Stockholm : Askelin & Höglund, Stockholm, 1982. - 104 s. ISBN 91-
7684-011-5
Fördjupa och utvidga EU samtidigt!, i Sverige och den nya Eu-ropa [Claes
Arvidsson (red.)]. - Stockholm : Ekerlids förlag, 1995. - 128 s. ISBN 91-88594-
38-6
Även sammarbetar med SVERIGES RADIO OCH TV, SVENSKA DAG-BLADET, KULTURA
(Paris), TYGODNIK POWSZECHNY (Krakow).
..............................................................................
Av de turkiska språken är det officiella turkiska riksspråket det mest
betydelsefulla både kulturellt och politiskt. Turkiska är också ett stort
invandrarspråk i Sverige. Vidare är det med sin speciella struktur intressant
för den allmänna språkvetenskapen. Modern turkiet-turkiska har utvecklats ur
osmanska och tillhör sydvästgruppen av turkspråk. De turkiska språken är
mycket utbredda och finns från Balkan över Centralasien ända till Norra
Ishavet. Sammanlagt 80 miljoner talar turkiska språk. Turkspråken närstående
är mongoliska och tungusiska. För vidare turkologiska eller altaistiska
studier är turkiska en lämplig utgångspunkt.
Kunskaper i turkiskt riksspråk gör det möjligt att i viss mån förstå omkring
tjugo turkiska litteraturspråk, azerbadjanska, kazakiska, uzbekiska,
turkmenska etc. Alfabetet är det latinska.
Grundutbildningens mål är att ge kunskaper i turkiet-turkiskans
litteraturspråk och kännedom om turkfolkens historia, samhällsliv och kultur.
www.srii.org/drag4.htm
www.turkishdailynews.com/old_editions/06_09_99/dom2.htm
www.afro.uu.se/
przekaz kondolencje...
"The exhilarating voice of a new, nonmystical consciousness ... FM dares us to
step outside our encaged historical selves and leap to a new stage of
evolution." Alvin Toffler, author of Future Shock
"A prophet of Boom .... He maintains 'we are at the beginning of an age of
limitless abundance ... and an age of immortality.'" New York Times
He is a dreamer, a visionary, a social critic, a futurist with "a hailstorm of
ideas." Washington Post
"FM-2030 is a man so rational, so articulately confident that he emanates the
kind of ultimate optimism -- the triumph over alienation and irrationality."
Village Voice
"FM-2030 is one of the first thinkers in history to live, teach, plan and
campaign for a future for mankind ... he has suggested in bold controversial
an utterly new way of life." Barbara Marx Hubbard, The Futurist
"FM continues to be one of the most eloquent speakers and imaginative thinkers
that has ever graced the lives of those who understood his ideas and "dared"
to pursue new ways of thinking and changing their - our - lives. His
optimistic vision has helped others to do likewise." Natasha Vita-More
www.fm-2030.com/
www.fm-2030.com/links.htm
step outside our encaged historical selves and leap to a new stage of
evolution." Alvin Toffler, author of Future Shock
"A prophet of Boom .... He maintains 'we are at the beginning of an age of
limitless abundance ... and an age of immortality.'" New York Times
He is a dreamer, a visionary, a social critic, a futurist with "a hailstorm of
ideas." Washington Post
"FM-2030 is a man so rational, so articulately confident that he emanates the
kind of ultimate optimism -- the triumph over alienation and irrationality."
Village Voice
"FM-2030 is one of the first thinkers in history to live, teach, plan and
campaign for a future for mankind ... he has suggested in bold controversial
an utterly new way of life." Barbara Marx Hubbard, The Futurist
"FM continues to be one of the most eloquent speakers and imaginative thinkers
that has ever graced the lives of those who understood his ideas and "dared"
to pursue new ways of thinking and changing their - our - lives. His
optimistic vision has helped others to do likewise." Natasha Vita-More
www.fm-2030.com/
www.fm-2030.com/links.htm
www.lucytune.com/mp3/OutOfTune1.mp3
www.lucytune.com/mp3/OutOfTune2.mp3
www.lucytune.com/mp3/OOTLucy.mp3
LucyScaleDevelopments present:
extract from Pitch, Pi, and Other Musical Paradoxes..........
by Charles E. H. Lucy copyright 1986-2000
chapter nine PITCH, COLOUR, SCRIABIN, AND OTHERS
Another mythological relationship which, like the music of the spheres has
persisted, is the concept that pitch and colour are in some mysterious way
related. Theories have been postulated by the Russian composer Alexander
Scriabin (1872 -1915), the Rosicrucian Order and many others.
Some of the synaesthetic correlations between colour and particular keys,
chords, and pieces of music may be caused by the association of auras, or
subjective ideas, but the intent here is to explore the possibilities of a
connection through mathematics and physics, and to extend our knowledge about
sound.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
Note: Colours displayed from this website may vary with equipment used.
Scriabin's theory was that each note in the octave could be associated with a
specific colour, and in Prometheus, the Poem of Fire, he wrote the colours and
music to match. His arrangement was:
C Db D Eb E F F# G Ab A Bb B
Red Violet Yellow Steel Pale
Blue
Dark
Red
Bright
Blue
Orange Purple Green Steel Pale
Blue
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
Berlioz, Debussy and Wagner were also interested in music and colour and
Rimsky-Korsakov considered C as white.
The Rosicrucian Order based their theories on Just intonation and suggest that
note names, frequencies, and colours should be:
Note C C# D D# E F F# G G# A A# B
Colour Yellow-
Green
Green Green-
Blue
Blue Blue-
Violet
Violet Violet-
Red
Deep
Red
Red Red-
Orange
Orange Yellow
Hertz 256 288 320 341 192 213 240
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
Charles Fourier in Theorie de l'Unite Universelle 1846 states the connection
between colours, note names and metals to be:
C D E F G A B
Iron Silver Tin Platinum Lead Gold Copper
Violet Indigo Azure Green Yellow Orange Red
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
Colour may be defined mathematically by the electromagnetic wavelength to
which it corresponds. Pitch may be described by frequency, to which the
wavelength is inversely proportional. But there is no general agreement on
which colour matches which note, pitch or range.
The spectrum from a rainbow is described as: Red Orange Yellow Green Blue
Indigo Violet Frequencies in the visible spectrum are between 1014 & 1015
Hertz. Wavelengths of visible light are between .1 & .8 of a micron, Guy
Murchie in Music Of The Spheres states that invisible ultra-violet has a
wavelength of 3,700 angstroms: that invisible infra-red 7,400 angstroms; and
that this doubling suggests an octave. According to Van Nostrano's
Encyclopedia, results on tests with a spectrometer gave the following results
for human perception of colour:
Colour Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red
Angstroms 3900 to
4500
4500 to
4920
4920 to
5770
5770 to
5970
5970 to
6220
6220 to
7700
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
Audible frequencies are from 20 Hz. to 25,000 Hz. The basis of the logic for
pitch/colour connection is as follows: Assume the speed of light in a vacuum
is a constant i.e. 299,792,458 metres per second. The wave length of a
particular colour may be expressed in metres (nanometres or Angstroms). We
assume that 299,792,458 metres is equivalent to a number of wavelengths, which
may be determined by dividing 299,792,458 by the distance in metres of one
wavelength. i.e. frequency = (metres travelled by light per second) _
(wavelength of specific colour)
Eg: for 5800 Angstroms (yellow) Frequency = 299,792,458 / 0.000,000,58 =
516,883,530,000,000 Hz.
As octaves are a result of doubling or halving frequency this high frequency
may be reduced to a precise audible value by cumulative halving.
The following table shows the results of this logic:
Note Hertz
LucyTuned
Equivalent
Wavelength
Angstroms/10
Nanometres
Approximate
Colour
A 440 619.69 Orange-Yellow
A# 457.75 595.66 Yellow-Orange
Bb 472.27 577.34 Yellow
B 491.32 554.95 Yellow-Green
Cb 506.91 537.89 Green-Yellow
B# 511.13 533.44 Green
C 527.35 517.03 Green
C# 548.62 496.99 Green-Blue
Db 566.03 481.70 Blue-Green
D 588.86 463.03 Blue
D# 612.61 445.08 Blue-Violet
Eb 632.05 431.39 Violet-Blue
E 657.54 414.67 Violet
Fb 678.41 401.91 Ultra Violet
E# 684.06 398.59 Invisible Violet
F 705.77 772.66 Invisible Red
F# 734.23 742.71 Infra Red
Gb 757.53 719.86 Red
G 788.08 691.96 Red-Orange
G# 819.87 665.13 Orange-Red
Ab 845.89 644.67 Orange
www.harmonics.com/lucy/frames/frameslucyhp.html
www.harmonics.com/lucy/lsd/chap1.html
www.lucytune.com/mp3/OutOfTune2.mp3
www.lucytune.com/mp3/OOTLucy.mp3
LucyScaleDevelopments present:
extract from Pitch, Pi, and Other Musical Paradoxes..........
by Charles E. H. Lucy copyright 1986-2000
chapter nine PITCH, COLOUR, SCRIABIN, AND OTHERS
Another mythological relationship which, like the music of the spheres has
persisted, is the concept that pitch and colour are in some mysterious way
related. Theories have been postulated by the Russian composer Alexander
Scriabin (1872 -1915), the Rosicrucian Order and many others.
Some of the synaesthetic correlations between colour and particular keys,
chords, and pieces of music may be caused by the association of auras, or
subjective ideas, but the intent here is to explore the possibilities of a
connection through mathematics and physics, and to extend our knowledge about
sound.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
Note: Colours displayed from this website may vary with equipment used.
Scriabin's theory was that each note in the octave could be associated with a
specific colour, and in Prometheus, the Poem of Fire, he wrote the colours and
music to match. His arrangement was:
C Db D Eb E F F# G Ab A Bb B
Red Violet Yellow Steel Pale
Blue
Dark
Red
Bright
Blue
Orange Purple Green Steel Pale
Blue
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
Berlioz, Debussy and Wagner were also interested in music and colour and
Rimsky-Korsakov considered C as white.
The Rosicrucian Order based their theories on Just intonation and suggest that
note names, frequencies, and colours should be:
Note C C# D D# E F F# G G# A A# B
Colour Yellow-
Green
Green Green-
Blue
Blue Blue-
Violet
Violet Violet-
Red
Deep
Red
Red Red-
Orange
Orange Yellow
Hertz 256 288 320 341 192 213 240
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
Charles Fourier in Theorie de l'Unite Universelle 1846 states the connection
between colours, note names and metals to be:
C D E F G A B
Iron Silver Tin Platinum Lead Gold Copper
Violet Indigo Azure Green Yellow Orange Red
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
Colour may be defined mathematically by the electromagnetic wavelength to
which it corresponds. Pitch may be described by frequency, to which the
wavelength is inversely proportional. But there is no general agreement on
which colour matches which note, pitch or range.
The spectrum from a rainbow is described as: Red Orange Yellow Green Blue
Indigo Violet Frequencies in the visible spectrum are between 1014 & 1015
Hertz. Wavelengths of visible light are between .1 & .8 of a micron, Guy
Murchie in Music Of The Spheres states that invisible ultra-violet has a
wavelength of 3,700 angstroms: that invisible infra-red 7,400 angstroms; and
that this doubling suggests an octave. According to Van Nostrano's
Encyclopedia, results on tests with a spectrometer gave the following results
for human perception of colour:
Colour Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red
Angstroms 3900 to
4500
4500 to
4920
4920 to
5770
5770 to
5970
5970 to
6220
6220 to
7700
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
Audible frequencies are from 20 Hz. to 25,000 Hz. The basis of the logic for
pitch/colour connection is as follows: Assume the speed of light in a vacuum
is a constant i.e. 299,792,458 metres per second. The wave length of a
particular colour may be expressed in metres (nanometres or Angstroms). We
assume that 299,792,458 metres is equivalent to a number of wavelengths, which
may be determined by dividing 299,792,458 by the distance in metres of one
wavelength. i.e. frequency = (metres travelled by light per second) _
(wavelength of specific colour)
Eg: for 5800 Angstroms (yellow) Frequency = 299,792,458 / 0.000,000,58 =
516,883,530,000,000 Hz.
As octaves are a result of doubling or halving frequency this high frequency
may be reduced to a precise audible value by cumulative halving.
The following table shows the results of this logic:
Note Hertz
LucyTuned
Equivalent
Wavelength
Angstroms/10
Nanometres
Approximate
Colour
A 440 619.69 Orange-Yellow
A# 457.75 595.66 Yellow-Orange
Bb 472.27 577.34 Yellow
B 491.32 554.95 Yellow-Green
Cb 506.91 537.89 Green-Yellow
B# 511.13 533.44 Green
C 527.35 517.03 Green
C# 548.62 496.99 Green-Blue
Db 566.03 481.70 Blue-Green
D 588.86 463.03 Blue
D# 612.61 445.08 Blue-Violet
Eb 632.05 431.39 Violet-Blue
E 657.54 414.67 Violet
Fb 678.41 401.91 Ultra Violet
E# 684.06 398.59 Invisible Violet
F 705.77 772.66 Invisible Red
F# 734.23 742.71 Infra Red
Gb 757.53 719.86 Red
G 788.08 691.96 Red-Orange
G# 819.87 665.13 Orange-Red
Ab 845.89 644.67 Orange
www.harmonics.com/lucy/frames/frameslucyhp.html
www.harmonics.com/lucy/lsd/chap1.html
Zionism and Pro-Israelism
A Social, Psychological Analysis
Zionism is more than the expression of a positive attitude to Israel and it
also connotes more than Aliyah. Zionist ideology represents an all-
encompassing approach to the problems of the Jewish People.
While the wound inflicted by the holocaust can never be healed, the
establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 reinvigorated a people which
might have otherwise remained broken and demoralized. No Jew can remain
impervious to the existence of the Jewish state; he is inevitably required to
take up a stand. Support for Israel is widespread throughout the Jewish world;
on no other issue is there a broader consensus. The question that needs to be
asked is whether and to what extent this pro-Israel sentiment is integrated
into a Zionist ideology, for on this depends, in our view, the depth of its
influence on the identity of the Jew and on the quality of Jewish life
everywhere. Zionism means more than pro-Israel support in the diaspora and
more than Israeli patriotism in Israel.
Zionism was for many years the guiding, inspiring idea in Jewish life, even
though only a minority of Jews were affiliated with Zionist organizations. It
united a dispersed people in pursuit of a common goal, canalized their
energies and served as a beacon of hope across years of travail. The
establishment of the State of Israel was a triumph for Zionism. Some saw it,
indeed, as the fulfillment of Zionist aspirations, but others understood that
this was just a step -albeit a most important one -along the road to Jewish
redemption.
The dramatic quality of the upbuilding of the Jewish State in the face of
constant attack from its Arab neighbors, the magnitude of the task of the
ingathering of the exiles, have made the State the focus of attention. An
understandable anxiety not to antagonize the non-Zionist circles which extend
their support to Israel (in fundraising campaigns and otherwise) has caused
Zionists to slur over ideological issues, and to present Zionism as little
more than a safely non-controversial pro-Israelism.
With the exacerbation of the Arab Israeli conflict Zionism has increasingly
become the object of a fierce onslaught from the foes of Israel and of the
Jewish people. When in November 1975 a majority in the General Assembly of the
United Nations, composed of the Arab and Soviet blocs and including a number
of African and South American states, passed a resolution stigmatizing Zionism
as "racist", Jews everywhere saw the attack on Zionism as directed against the
Jewish people, against the very existence of Israel, and against the essence
of their Jewish being. There was an impressive demonstration everywhere of
support for Zionism. At the same time, while the word Zionism is more freely
invoked than ever before, the sentiments which were aroused could be described
as pro-Israel rather than as reflections of a renewed interest in Zionist
ideology. Such pro-Israel sentiment is important in itself, but much of the
enthusiastic support may evaporate unless it takes the more enduring form of a
clear Zionist ideological commitment.
In the face of the anti-Zionist onslaught attention is being properly given to
the exposition which is best when it is un-apologetic of the true nature of
Zionism for those who are prepared to listen, in non-Jewish as well as Jewish
circles. Our concern in this analysis is with Zionism as a specific expression
of Jewish identity, with its role from the internal Jewish standpoint what
contribution it can make in providing coherence and direction to contemporary
Jewish life, particularly in period of stress and confusion.
Reinterpreting Zionism
The classical Zionist theories of Pinsker, Herzl, Ahad Ha'am and others were
based on an analysis of the Jewish situation of their time and had special
pertinence to the countries of Europe in which the bulk of Jewry was located.
The developments in Jewish life have confirmed the validity of their basic
theses, and much of what they wrote still applies to the Jewish condition. But
cognizance has also to be taken of major transformations in that condition.
While maintaining its fundamental principles, Zionism has to adapt itself to
meet the changing Jewish needs. Otherwise it will become an abstract, outdated
ideology unrelated to the fate and future of the Jewish people. The holocaust,
the demographic shift to new centers in the West, the establishment of the
State of Israel -all these render essential a continuing process of
reinterpretation.
In this process of reinterpretation Zionism also cannot ignore the ideologies
in the world around it which now impinge on Jewish life. In relation to some
of these ideologies it will need to show how and why it differs, in relation
to others it may show how it accords. Just as it should not fear to do battle
where it differs, so where it accords it should not fail to indicate the
peculiarly Jewish quality which enters into its own ideology. Thus, in keeping
with the temper of the times, Zionism is nowadays frequently described as a
movement of national self-liberation. It is such a movement, but a simplistic
equation of it with other similar movements in the contemporary world is
misleading if there is no reference to its special distinguishing features the
persistent longings and strivings of a dispersed people across centuries to
return to a homeland from which it saw itself as exiled, the way in which the
relationship to a distant homeland became part of the very texture of Jewish
life. It is also a movement which has to Israel a center of concern, although
in a way different from that which Ahad Ha'am predicted. This process has,
however, charged American Jewish life with a sense of responsibility for
Israel, and has often made Israel the substance of Jewish program and
activity." This statement seems to us to summarize the nature of the
relationship of a large section of American Jewry to Israel. It is pro-
Israelism but not Zionism.
There is no comprehensive study of the attitudes to Israel and Zionism of a
representative sample of the American Jewish community. Such empirical studies
as have been conducted on specific sectors of the population show that the
great majority support Israel, but only a minority designate themselves as
Zionists and only a very small number are prepared to consider settlement in
Israel.
David Sidorsky has expressed the position as follows: "Support of Israel in a
non-ideological way, that is, without a philosophy of Jewish history or a
coherent set of principles but with a sense of moral purpose and pragmatic
policies, has be come a major aspect of the American Jewish consensus. The
obvious question to put to the thesis is whether the distinction between a pro-
Israel consensus and a Zionist ideology is a distinction without a difference."
The Difference Between Zionism and Pro-lsraelism
What is the difference between pro-Israelism and a Zionist ideology?
It is often maintained that the difference between the pro-Israel Jew and the
Zionist is to be found in the latter's decision to immigrate to Israel. In the
minds of many, Zionism and aliya (immigration) are coterminous. But while the
decision to immigrate represents the apex of a Zionist development, it does
not exhaust the scope of a Zionist ideology. Nor is every oleh (immigrant to'
Israel) a Zionist. There are cases where this practical step may be taken for
reasons unconnected with Zionist ideology. Moreover, while the recognition of
the central role of aliya and the obligation to encourage it are essential
elements in a Zionist ideology, it is debatable whether the term "Zionist"
should be limited as was urged at one time by David Ben Gurion and by others
only to those who feel themselves p
A Social, Psychological Analysis
Zionism is more than the expression of a positive attitude to Israel and it
also connotes more than Aliyah. Zionist ideology represents an all-
encompassing approach to the problems of the Jewish People.
While the wound inflicted by the holocaust can never be healed, the
establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 reinvigorated a people which
might have otherwise remained broken and demoralized. No Jew can remain
impervious to the existence of the Jewish state; he is inevitably required to
take up a stand. Support for Israel is widespread throughout the Jewish world;
on no other issue is there a broader consensus. The question that needs to be
asked is whether and to what extent this pro-Israel sentiment is integrated
into a Zionist ideology, for on this depends, in our view, the depth of its
influence on the identity of the Jew and on the quality of Jewish life
everywhere. Zionism means more than pro-Israel support in the diaspora and
more than Israeli patriotism in Israel.
Zionism was for many years the guiding, inspiring idea in Jewish life, even
though only a minority of Jews were affiliated with Zionist organizations. It
united a dispersed people in pursuit of a common goal, canalized their
energies and served as a beacon of hope across years of travail. The
establishment of the State of Israel was a triumph for Zionism. Some saw it,
indeed, as the fulfillment of Zionist aspirations, but others understood that
this was just a step -albeit a most important one -along the road to Jewish
redemption.
The dramatic quality of the upbuilding of the Jewish State in the face of
constant attack from its Arab neighbors, the magnitude of the task of the
ingathering of the exiles, have made the State the focus of attention. An
understandable anxiety not to antagonize the non-Zionist circles which extend
their support to Israel (in fundraising campaigns and otherwise) has caused
Zionists to slur over ideological issues, and to present Zionism as little
more than a safely non-controversial pro-Israelism.
With the exacerbation of the Arab Israeli conflict Zionism has increasingly
become the object of a fierce onslaught from the foes of Israel and of the
Jewish people. When in November 1975 a majority in the General Assembly of the
United Nations, composed of the Arab and Soviet blocs and including a number
of African and South American states, passed a resolution stigmatizing Zionism
as "racist", Jews everywhere saw the attack on Zionism as directed against the
Jewish people, against the very existence of Israel, and against the essence
of their Jewish being. There was an impressive demonstration everywhere of
support for Zionism. At the same time, while the word Zionism is more freely
invoked than ever before, the sentiments which were aroused could be described
as pro-Israel rather than as reflections of a renewed interest in Zionist
ideology. Such pro-Israel sentiment is important in itself, but much of the
enthusiastic support may evaporate unless it takes the more enduring form of a
clear Zionist ideological commitment.
In the face of the anti-Zionist onslaught attention is being properly given to
the exposition which is best when it is un-apologetic of the true nature of
Zionism for those who are prepared to listen, in non-Jewish as well as Jewish
circles. Our concern in this analysis is with Zionism as a specific expression
of Jewish identity, with its role from the internal Jewish standpoint what
contribution it can make in providing coherence and direction to contemporary
Jewish life, particularly in period of stress and confusion.
Reinterpreting Zionism
The classical Zionist theories of Pinsker, Herzl, Ahad Ha'am and others were
based on an analysis of the Jewish situation of their time and had special
pertinence to the countries of Europe in which the bulk of Jewry was located.
The developments in Jewish life have confirmed the validity of their basic
theses, and much of what they wrote still applies to the Jewish condition. But
cognizance has also to be taken of major transformations in that condition.
While maintaining its fundamental principles, Zionism has to adapt itself to
meet the changing Jewish needs. Otherwise it will become an abstract, outdated
ideology unrelated to the fate and future of the Jewish people. The holocaust,
the demographic shift to new centers in the West, the establishment of the
State of Israel -all these render essential a continuing process of
reinterpretation.
In this process of reinterpretation Zionism also cannot ignore the ideologies
in the world around it which now impinge on Jewish life. In relation to some
of these ideologies it will need to show how and why it differs, in relation
to others it may show how it accords. Just as it should not fear to do battle
where it differs, so where it accords it should not fail to indicate the
peculiarly Jewish quality which enters into its own ideology. Thus, in keeping
with the temper of the times, Zionism is nowadays frequently described as a
movement of national self-liberation. It is such a movement, but a simplistic
equation of it with other similar movements in the contemporary world is
misleading if there is no reference to its special distinguishing features the
persistent longings and strivings of a dispersed people across centuries to
return to a homeland from which it saw itself as exiled, the way in which the
relationship to a distant homeland became part of the very texture of Jewish
life. It is also a movement which has to Israel a center of concern, although
in a way different from that which Ahad Ha'am predicted. This process has,
however, charged American Jewish life with a sense of responsibility for
Israel, and has often made Israel the substance of Jewish program and
activity." This statement seems to us to summarize the nature of the
relationship of a large section of American Jewry to Israel. It is pro-
Israelism but not Zionism.
There is no comprehensive study of the attitudes to Israel and Zionism of a
representative sample of the American Jewish community. Such empirical studies
as have been conducted on specific sectors of the population show that the
great majority support Israel, but only a minority designate themselves as
Zionists and only a very small number are prepared to consider settlement in
Israel.
David Sidorsky has expressed the position as follows: "Support of Israel in a
non-ideological way, that is, without a philosophy of Jewish history or a
coherent set of principles but with a sense of moral purpose and pragmatic
policies, has be come a major aspect of the American Jewish consensus. The
obvious question to put to the thesis is whether the distinction between a pro-
Israel consensus and a Zionist ideology is a distinction without a difference."
The Difference Between Zionism and Pro-lsraelism
What is the difference between pro-Israelism and a Zionist ideology?
It is often maintained that the difference between the pro-Israel Jew and the
Zionist is to be found in the latter's decision to immigrate to Israel. In the
minds of many, Zionism and aliya (immigration) are coterminous. But while the
decision to immigrate represents the apex of a Zionist development, it does
not exhaust the scope of a Zionist ideology. Nor is every oleh (immigrant to'
Israel) a Zionist. There are cases where this practical step may be taken for
reasons unconnected with Zionist ideology. Moreover, while the recognition of
the central role of aliya and the obligation to encourage it are essential
elements in a Zionist ideology, it is debatable whether the term "Zionist"
should be limited as was urged at one time by David Ben Gurion and by others
only to those who feel themselves p
NAME
poll - input/output multiplexing
SYNOPSIS
#include
int poll(struct pollfd fds[], nfds_t nfds, int timeout);
DESCRIPTION
The poll() function provides applications with a mechanism for multiplexing
input/output over a set of file descriptors. For each member of the array
pointed to by fds, poll() examines the given file descriptor for the event(s)
specified in events. The number of pollfd structures in the fds array is
specified by nfds. The poll() function identifies those file descriptors on
which an application can read or write data, or on which certain events have
occurred.
The fds argument specifies the file descriptors to be examined and the events
of interest for each file descriptor. It is a pointer to an array with one
member for each open file descriptor of interest. The array's members are
pollfd structures within which fd specifies an open file descriptor and events
and revents are bitmasks constructed by OR-ing a combination of the following
event flags:
POLLIN
Data other than high-priority data may be read without blocking. For STREAMS,
this flag is set in revents even if the message is of zero length.
POLLRDNORM
Normal data (priority band equals 0) may be read without blocking. For
STREAMS, this flag is set in revents even if the message is of zero length.
POLLRDBAND
Data from a non-zero priority band may be read without blocking. For STREAMS,
this flag is set in revents even if the message is of zero length.
POLLPRI
High-priority data may be received without blocking. For STREAMS, this flag is
set in revents even if the message is of zero length.
POLLOUT
Normal data (priority band equals 0) may be written without blocking.
POLLWRNORM
Same as POLLOUT.
POLLWRBAND
Priority data (priority band > 0) may be written. If any priority band has
been written to on this STREAM, this event only examines bands that have been
written to at least once.
POLLERR
An error has occurred on the device or stream. This flag is only valid in the
revents bitmask; it is ignored in the events member.
POLLHUP
The device has been disconnected. This event and POLLOUT are mutually
exclusive; a stream can never be writable if a hangup has occurred. However,
this event and POLLIN, POLLRDNORM, POLLRDBAND or POLLPRI are not mutually
exclusive. This flag is only valid in the revents bitmask; it is ignored in
the events member.
POLLNVAL
The specified fd value is invalid. This flag is only valid in the revents
member; it is ignored in the events member.
If the value of fd is less than 0, events is ignored and revents is set to 0
in that entry on return from poll().
In each pollfd structure, poll() clears the revents member except that where
the application requested a report on a condition by setting one of the bits
of events listed above, poll() sets the corresponding bit in revents if the
requested condition is true. In addition, poll() sets the POLLHUP, POLLERR and
POLLNVAL flag in revents if the condition is true, even if the application did
not set the corresponding bit in events.
If none of the defined events have occurred on any selected file descriptor,
poll() waits at least timeout milliseconds for an event to occur on any of the
selected file descriptors. If the value of timeout is 0, poll() returns
immediately. If the value of timeout is -1, poll() blocks until a requested
event occurs or until the call is interrupted.
Implementations may place limitations on the granularity of timeout intervals.
If the requested timeout interval requires a finer granularity than the
implementation supports, the actual timeout interval will be rounded up to the
next supported value.
The poll() function is not affected by the O_NONBLOCK flag.
The poll() function supports regular files, terminal and pseudo-terminal
devices, STREAMS-based files, FIFOs and pipes. The behaviour of poll() on
elements of fds that refer to other types of file is unspecified.
Regular files always poll TRUE for reading and writing.
RETURN VALUE
Upon successful completion, poll() returns a non-negative value. A positive
value indicates the total number of file descriptors that have been selected
(that is, file descriptors for which the revents member is non-zero). A value
of 0 indicates that the call timed out and no file descriptors have been
selected. Upon failure, poll() returns -1 and sets errno to indicate the
error.
ERRORS
The poll() function will fail if:
[EAGAIN]
The allocation of internal data structures failed but a subsequent request may
succeed.
[EINTR]
A signal was caught during poll().
[EINVAL]
The nfds argument is greater than {OPEN_MAX}, or one of the fd members refers
to a STREAM or multiplexer that is linked (directly or indirectly) downstream
from a multiplexer.
EXAMPLES
None.
APPLICATION USAGE
None.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
None.
SEE ALSO
getmsg(), putmsg(), read(), select(), write(),, , STREAMS
overview.
poll - input/output multiplexing
SYNOPSIS
#include
int poll(struct pollfd fds[], nfds_t nfds, int timeout);
DESCRIPTION
The poll() function provides applications with a mechanism for multiplexing
input/output over a set of file descriptors. For each member of the array
pointed to by fds, poll() examines the given file descriptor for the event(s)
specified in events. The number of pollfd structures in the fds array is
specified by nfds. The poll() function identifies those file descriptors on
which an application can read or write data, or on which certain events have
occurred.
The fds argument specifies the file descriptors to be examined and the events
of interest for each file descriptor. It is a pointer to an array with one
member for each open file descriptor of interest. The array's members are
pollfd structures within which fd specifies an open file descriptor and events
and revents are bitmasks constructed by OR-ing a combination of the following
event flags:
POLLIN
Data other than high-priority data may be read without blocking. For STREAMS,
this flag is set in revents even if the message is of zero length.
POLLRDNORM
Normal data (priority band equals 0) may be read without blocking. For
STREAMS, this flag is set in revents even if the message is of zero length.
POLLRDBAND
Data from a non-zero priority band may be read without blocking. For STREAMS,
this flag is set in revents even if the message is of zero length.
POLLPRI
High-priority data may be received without blocking. For STREAMS, this flag is
set in revents even if the message is of zero length.
POLLOUT
Normal data (priority band equals 0) may be written without blocking.
POLLWRNORM
Same as POLLOUT.
POLLWRBAND
Priority data (priority band > 0) may be written. If any priority band has
been written to on this STREAM, this event only examines bands that have been
written to at least once.
POLLERR
An error has occurred on the device or stream. This flag is only valid in the
revents bitmask; it is ignored in the events member.
POLLHUP
The device has been disconnected. This event and POLLOUT are mutually
exclusive; a stream can never be writable if a hangup has occurred. However,
this event and POLLIN, POLLRDNORM, POLLRDBAND or POLLPRI are not mutually
exclusive. This flag is only valid in the revents bitmask; it is ignored in
the events member.
POLLNVAL
The specified fd value is invalid. This flag is only valid in the revents
member; it is ignored in the events member.
If the value of fd is less than 0, events is ignored and revents is set to 0
in that entry on return from poll().
In each pollfd structure, poll() clears the revents member except that where
the application requested a report on a condition by setting one of the bits
of events listed above, poll() sets the corresponding bit in revents if the
requested condition is true. In addition, poll() sets the POLLHUP, POLLERR and
POLLNVAL flag in revents if the condition is true, even if the application did
not set the corresponding bit in events.
If none of the defined events have occurred on any selected file descriptor,
poll() waits at least timeout milliseconds for an event to occur on any of the
selected file descriptors. If the value of timeout is 0, poll() returns
immediately. If the value of timeout is -1, poll() blocks until a requested
event occurs or until the call is interrupted.
Implementations may place limitations on the granularity of timeout intervals.
If the requested timeout interval requires a finer granularity than the
implementation supports, the actual timeout interval will be rounded up to the
next supported value.
The poll() function is not affected by the O_NONBLOCK flag.
The poll() function supports regular files, terminal and pseudo-terminal
devices, STREAMS-based files, FIFOs and pipes. The behaviour of poll() on
elements of fds that refer to other types of file is unspecified.
Regular files always poll TRUE for reading and writing.
RETURN VALUE
Upon successful completion, poll() returns a non-negative value. A positive
value indicates the total number of file descriptors that have been selected
(that is, file descriptors for which the revents member is non-zero). A value
of 0 indicates that the call timed out and no file descriptors have been
selected. Upon failure, poll() returns -1 and sets errno to indicate the
error.
ERRORS
The poll() function will fail if:
[EAGAIN]
The allocation of internal data structures failed but a subsequent request may
succeed.
[EINTR]
A signal was caught during poll().
[EINVAL]
The nfds argument is greater than {OPEN_MAX}, or one of the fd members refers
to a STREAM or multiplexer that is linked (directly or indirectly) downstream
from a multiplexer.
EXAMPLES
None.
APPLICATION USAGE
None.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
None.
SEE ALSO
getmsg(), putmsg(), read(), select(), write(),
overview.
POLL& = POLAND
... How Polls are Conducted
www.gallup.com/
Make Your Own FREE
Polls!
www.misterpoll.com/
Public Opinion Poll Question Database
www.irss.unc.edu/data_archive/pollsearch.html
E-Poll - the one place where you can express yourself on political issues,
consumer products, entertainment, current events and much more! ...
www.epoll.com/
Person of the Century Poll
www.time.com/time/time100/poc/century.html
1 Elvis Presley 13.73 625045
2 Yitzhak Rabin 13.17 599473
3 Adolf Hitler 11.36 516926
4 Billy Graham 10.35 471114
5 Albert Einstein 9.78 445218
6 Martin Luther King 8.40 382159
7 Pope John Paul II 8.18 372477
8 Gordon B. Hinckley 5.62 256077
9 Mohandas Gandhi 3.61 164281
10 Ronald Reagan 1.78 81368
11 John Lennon 1.41 64295
12 American GI 1.35 61836
13 Henry Ford 1.22 55696
14 Mother Teresa 1.11 50770
15 Madonna 0.85 38696
16 Winston Churchill 0.83 37930
17 Linus Torvalds 0.53 24146
18 Nelson Mandela 0.47 21640
19 Princess Diana 0.36 16481
20 Pope Paul VI 0.34 15812
... How Polls are Conducted
www.gallup.com/
Make Your Own FREE
Polls!
www.misterpoll.com/
Public Opinion Poll Question Database
www.irss.unc.edu/data_archive/pollsearch.html
E-Poll - the one place where you can express yourself on political issues,
consumer products, entertainment, current events and much more! ...
www.epoll.com/
Person of the Century Poll
www.time.com/time/time100/poc/century.html
1 Elvis Presley 13.73 625045
2 Yitzhak Rabin 13.17 599473
3 Adolf Hitler 11.36 516926
4 Billy Graham 10.35 471114
5 Albert Einstein 9.78 445218
6 Martin Luther King 8.40 382159
7 Pope John Paul II 8.18 372477
8 Gordon B. Hinckley 5.62 256077
9 Mohandas Gandhi 3.61 164281
10 Ronald Reagan 1.78 81368
11 John Lennon 1.41 64295
12 American GI 1.35 61836
13 Henry Ford 1.22 55696
14 Mother Teresa 1.11 50770
15 Madonna 0.85 38696
16 Winston Churchill 0.83 37930
17 Linus Torvalds 0.53 24146
18 Nelson Mandela 0.47 21640
19 Princess Diana 0.36 16481
20 Pope Paul VI 0.34 15812
RAELIZM
w jakim ty swiecie zyjesz ?
w jakim ty swiecie zyjesz ?
Czy waszym zdaniem istnieje bardziej bezwstydnie żebrzący kraj na świecie?
Dla tych którzy bronią te gniazdo pijawek powiedzcie mi który kraj zebrze i
żyje z pracy innych narodów tak ja Izrael. Nie ma takiego kraju. Nie ma
drugiego takiego bez honorowego narodu który poniża pamięć swoich przodków
żebractwem i wyłudzaniem pieniędzy jak Izrael.
Czekam na przykłady
Bad objects create intimidation and result in a state of being posessed by an
enemy. the question is what to do with inner bad objects and is it possible to
learn to live with them.
____________________________________________________________-
http://jubal.westnet.com/hyperdiscordia/pineal_gland.html
http://www.google.se/search?q=cache:cuLNI1Tpb_sJ:www-
formal.stanford.edu/jmc/reviews/weizenbaum.ps+Bad+objects+create+intimidation+a
nd+result+in+a+state+of+being+posessed+by+an+&hl=en&ie=UTF-8
http://halo.bungie.org/story/covenant.html
http://www.philosophos.com/knowledge_base/archives_6/philosophy_questions_6.htm
l
http://www.geocities.com/716948/hh/hhtext-intro.html
http://www.geocities.com/reachnin/abidance/abidance.html
http://nehrer.net/question/erq-024c.htm
http://www.theosophical.org/theosophy/questmagazine/septemberoctober1999/threeo
bjects/
http://www.kabbalah.info/engkab/book_4/book4eng_intro.htm
http://whatisthematrix.warnerbros.com/rl_cmp/new_phil_fr_driver.html
_____________________________________________________________________________
Aggregation
Aggregation is the object reuse mechanism in which the outer object exposes
interfaces from the inner object as if they were implemented on the outer
object itself. This is useful when the outer object delegates every call to
one of its interfaces to the same interface in the inner object. Aggregation
is available as a convenience to avoid extra implementation overhead in the
outer object in this case. Aggregation is actually a specialized case of
containment/delegation.
Aggregation is almost as simple to implement as containment is, except for the
three IUnknown functions: QueryInterface, AddRef, and Release. The catch is
that from the client's perspective, any IUnknown function on the outer object
must affect the outer object. That is, AddRef and Release affect the outer
object and QueryInterface exposes all the interfaces available on the outer
object. However, if the outer object simply exposes an inner object's
interface as its own, that inner object's IUnknown members called through that
interface will behave differently than those IUnknown members on the outer
object's interfaces, an absolute violation of the rules and properties
governing IUnknown.
The solution is that aggregation requires an explicit implementation of
IUnknown on the inner object and delegation of the IUnknown methods of any
other interface to the outer object's IUnknown methods.
Creating Aggregable Objects
Creating objects that can be aggregated is optional; however, it is simple to
do and provides significant benefits. The following rules apply to creating an
aggregable object:
The aggregable (or inner) object's implementation of QueryInterface, AddRef,
and Release controls the inner object's reference count, and this
implementation must not delegate to the outer object's unknown (the
controlling IUnknown).
The QueryInterface, AddRef, and Release methods of all other interfaces
implemented on the inner object must delegate to the controlling IUnknown and
not directly affect the inner object's reference count.
The inner IUnknown must implement QueryInterface only for the inner object.
The aggregable object must not call AddRef when holding a reference to the
controlling IUnknown pointer.
When the object is created, if any interface other than IUnknown is requested,
the creation must fail with E_UNKNOWN.
The following code fragment illustrates a correct implementation of an
aggregable object by using the nested class method of implementing interfaces:
// CSomeObject is an aggregable object that implements
// IUnknown and ISomeInterface
class CSomeObject : public IUnknown
{
private:
DWORD m_cRef; // Object reference count
IUnknown* m_pUnkOuter; // Controlling IUnknown, no AddRef
// Nested class to implement the ISomeInterface interface
class CImpSomeInterface : public ISomeInterface
{
friend class CSomeObject ;
private:
DWORD m_cRef; // Interface ref-count, for debugging
IUnknown* m_pUnkOuter; // Controlling IUnknown
public:
CImpSomeInterface() { m_cRef = 0; };
~ CImpSomeInterface(void) {};
// IUnknown members delegate to the outer unknown
// IUnknown members do not control lifetime of object
STDMETHODIMP QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void** ppv)
{ return m_pUnkOuter->QueryInterface(riid,ppv); };
STDMETHODIMP_(DWORD) AddRef(void)
{ return m_pUnkOuter->AddRef(); };
STDMETHODIMP_(DWORD) Release(void)
{ return m_pUnkOuter->Release(); };
// ISomeInterface members
STDMETHODIMP SomeMethod(void)
{ return S_OK; };
} ;
CImpSomeInterface m_ImpSomeInterface ;
public:
CSomeObject(IUnknown * pUnkOuter)
{
m_cRef=0;
// No AddRef necessary if non-NULL as we're aggregated.
m_pUnkOuter=pUnkOuter;
m_ImpSomeInterface.m_pUnkOuter=pUnkOuter;
} ;
~CSomeObject(void) {} ;
// Static member function for creating new instances (don't use
// new directly). Protects against outer objects asking for
// interfaces other than Iunknown.
static HRESULT Create(IUnknown* pUnkOuter, REFIID riid, void **ppv)
{
CSomeObject* pObj;
if (pUnkOuter != NULL && riid != IID_IUnknown)
return CLASS_E_NOAGGREGATION;
pObj = new CSomeObject(pUnkOuter);
if (pObj == NULL)
return E_OUTOFMEMORY;
// Set up the right unknown for delegation (the non-
// aggregation case)
if (pUnkOuter == NULL)
pObj->m_pUnkOuter = (IUnknown*)pObj ;
HRESULT hr;
if (FAILED(hr = pObj->QueryInterface(riid, (void**)ppv)))
delete pObj ;
return hr;
}
// Inner IUnknown members, non-delegating
// Inner QueryInterface only controls inner object
STDMETHODIMP QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void** ppv)
{
*ppv=NULL;
if (riid == IID_IUnknown)
*ppv=this;
if (riid == IID_ISomeInterface)
*ppv=&m_ImpSomeInterface;
if (NULL==*ppv)
return ResultFromScode(E_NOINTERFACE);
((IUnknown*)*ppv)->AddRef();
return NOERROR;
} ;
STDMETHODIMP_(DWORD) AddRef(void)
{ return ++m_cRef; };
STDMETHODIMP_(DWORD) Release(void)
{
if (--m_cRef != 0)
return m_cRef;
delete this;
return 0;
};
};
enemy. the question is what to do with inner bad objects and is it possible to
learn to live with them.
____________________________________________________________-
http://jubal.westnet.com/hyperdiscordia/pineal_gland.html
http://www.google.se/search?q=cache:cuLNI1Tpb_sJ:www-
formal.stanford.edu/jmc/reviews/weizenbaum.ps+Bad+objects+create+intimidation+a
nd+result+in+a+state+of+being+posessed+by+an+&hl=en&ie=UTF-8
http://halo.bungie.org/story/covenant.html
http://www.philosophos.com/knowledge_base/archives_6/philosophy_questions_6.htm
l
http://www.geocities.com/716948/hh/hhtext-intro.html
http://www.geocities.com/reachnin/abidance/abidance.html
http://nehrer.net/question/erq-024c.htm
http://www.theosophical.org/theosophy/questmagazine/septemberoctober1999/threeo
bjects/
http://www.kabbalah.info/engkab/book_4/book4eng_intro.htm
http://whatisthematrix.warnerbros.com/rl_cmp/new_phil_fr_driver.html
_____________________________________________________________________________
Aggregation
Aggregation is the object reuse mechanism in which the outer object exposes
interfaces from the inner object as if they were implemented on the outer
object itself. This is useful when the outer object delegates every call to
one of its interfaces to the same interface in the inner object. Aggregation
is available as a convenience to avoid extra implementation overhead in the
outer object in this case. Aggregation is actually a specialized case of
containment/delegation.
Aggregation is almost as simple to implement as containment is, except for the
three IUnknown functions: QueryInterface, AddRef, and Release. The catch is
that from the client's perspective, any IUnknown function on the outer object
must affect the outer object. That is, AddRef and Release affect the outer
object and QueryInterface exposes all the interfaces available on the outer
object. However, if the outer object simply exposes an inner object's
interface as its own, that inner object's IUnknown members called through that
interface will behave differently than those IUnknown members on the outer
object's interfaces, an absolute violation of the rules and properties
governing IUnknown.
The solution is that aggregation requires an explicit implementation of
IUnknown on the inner object and delegation of the IUnknown methods of any
other interface to the outer object's IUnknown methods.
Creating Aggregable Objects
Creating objects that can be aggregated is optional; however, it is simple to
do and provides significant benefits. The following rules apply to creating an
aggregable object:
The aggregable (or inner) object's implementation of QueryInterface, AddRef,
and Release controls the inner object's reference count, and this
implementation must not delegate to the outer object's unknown (the
controlling IUnknown).
The QueryInterface, AddRef, and Release methods of all other interfaces
implemented on the inner object must delegate to the controlling IUnknown and
not directly affect the inner object's reference count.
The inner IUnknown must implement QueryInterface only for the inner object.
The aggregable object must not call AddRef when holding a reference to the
controlling IUnknown pointer.
When the object is created, if any interface other than IUnknown is requested,
the creation must fail with E_UNKNOWN.
The following code fragment illustrates a correct implementation of an
aggregable object by using the nested class method of implementing interfaces:
// CSomeObject is an aggregable object that implements
// IUnknown and ISomeInterface
class CSomeObject : public IUnknown
{
private:
DWORD m_cRef; // Object reference count
IUnknown* m_pUnkOuter; // Controlling IUnknown, no AddRef
// Nested class to implement the ISomeInterface interface
class CImpSomeInterface : public ISomeInterface
{
friend class CSomeObject ;
private:
DWORD m_cRef; // Interface ref-count, for debugging
IUnknown* m_pUnkOuter; // Controlling IUnknown
public:
CImpSomeInterface() { m_cRef = 0; };
~ CImpSomeInterface(void) {};
// IUnknown members delegate to the outer unknown
// IUnknown members do not control lifetime of object
STDMETHODIMP QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void** ppv)
{ return m_pUnkOuter->QueryInterface(riid,ppv); };
STDMETHODIMP_(DWORD) AddRef(void)
{ return m_pUnkOuter->AddRef(); };
STDMETHODIMP_(DWORD) Release(void)
{ return m_pUnkOuter->Release(); };
// ISomeInterface members
STDMETHODIMP SomeMethod(void)
{ return S_OK; };
} ;
CImpSomeInterface m_ImpSomeInterface ;
public:
CSomeObject(IUnknown * pUnkOuter)
{
m_cRef=0;
// No AddRef necessary if non-NULL as we're aggregated.
m_pUnkOuter=pUnkOuter;
m_ImpSomeInterface.m_pUnkOuter=pUnkOuter;
} ;
~CSomeObject(void) {} ;
// Static member function for creating new instances (don't use
// new directly). Protects against outer objects asking for
// interfaces other than Iunknown.
static HRESULT Create(IUnknown* pUnkOuter, REFIID riid, void **ppv)
{
CSomeObject* pObj;
if (pUnkOuter != NULL && riid != IID_IUnknown)
return CLASS_E_NOAGGREGATION;
pObj = new CSomeObject(pUnkOuter);
if (pObj == NULL)
return E_OUTOFMEMORY;
// Set up the right unknown for delegation (the non-
// aggregation case)
if (pUnkOuter == NULL)
pObj->m_pUnkOuter = (IUnknown*)pObj ;
HRESULT hr;
if (FAILED(hr = pObj->QueryInterface(riid, (void**)ppv)))
delete pObj ;
return hr;
}
// Inner IUnknown members, non-delegating
// Inner QueryInterface only controls inner object
STDMETHODIMP QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void** ppv)
{
*ppv=NULL;
if (riid == IID_IUnknown)
*ppv=this;
if (riid == IID_ISomeInterface)
*ppv=&m_ImpSomeInterface;
if (NULL==*ppv)
return ResultFromScode(E_NOINTERFACE);
((IUnknown*)*ppv)->AddRef();
return NOERROR;
} ;
STDMETHODIMP_(DWORD) AddRef(void)
{ return ++m_cRef; };
STDMETHODIMP_(DWORD) Release(void)
{
if (--m_cRef != 0)
return m_cRef;
delete this;
return 0;
};
};
Bad objects create intimidation and result in a state of being posessed by an
enemy. the question is what to do with inner bad objects and is it possible to
learn to live with them.
enemy. the question is what to do with inner bad objects and is it possible to
learn to live with them.
maniana
An Atlas of Valusia and the Seven Empires
An cartographic look at a world lost in time and space
www.dodgenet.com/~moonblossom/Katl.htm
www.dodgenet.com/~moonblossom/flinks.html#REH
www.tolkien.cro.net/balrogs/btaylor.html
An cartographic look at a world lost in time and space
www.dodgenet.com/~moonblossom/Katl.htm
www.dodgenet.com/~moonblossom/flinks.html#REH
www.tolkien.cro.net/balrogs/btaylor.html
http://www.io.com/~sjohn/hastur.htm
You Have Entered the Memorial Shrine of Rogue HASTUR
Hot Asphalt • Short Tempers • Unholy Rites
This is the memorial homepage and Vehicle Stock List of HASTUR - formerly the
Fredericksburg, Virginia area's premier society of autoduellists, and chapter
of the American Autoduel Association. Chartered on the 5th of July, 2045 and
officially disbanded on the 5th of August, 2052, HASTUR was dedicated to safe
duelling, the exploration of the cosmos, contact with Elder Beings, and the
interests of good motorists up and down the local expanse of Interstate 95
(and the dreaded Highway One).
Our original headquarters was located on Jefferson Davis Highway, adjacent to
the Robert's Point Memorial (see ADQ 9/3), and the second (downtown) HQ was
abandoned when the then-High Priest, S. John Ross, left the bosom of darkness
to infiltrate the heart of the AADA itself. He served as AADA president in
2048. He is currently in exile, last rumored to be forming a personal army in
the depths of the Texas hill country. HASTUR's second and final High Priest,
Chris Reid, took the cloak of leadership, promised to launch HASTUR to glory,
and took the bulk of the organization deeper into hiding. HASTUR has not been
heard from in any official capacity since. HASTUR's final headquarters was
located somewhere in the wild country just beyond the walls of fortified
Fredericksburg.
For GURPS Autoduel fans, we have the Carmaker's Cribsheet, to help Autoduel
cars feel more like their Car Wars counterparts, and be easier to build!
HASTUR engineers operating in Oklahoma were the designers of the Sonic Cannon,
the first new official Car Wars hardware in years! Includes stats for both Car
Wars and GURPS Autoduel.
To read about other AADA chapters, visit the links page of High Velocity
Duelling, an excellent Car Wars webzine. For general information on Steve
Jackson Games' cool line of adventure-gaming products, click HERE and enjoy.
HASTUR's Unspeakable Stocklist
Last Updated Summer, 2047
Rappahannock - Subcompact, std. chassis, small PP, hvy. suspension, 4 standard
tires, driver, RL w/AP ammo front. Armor: F15, R13, L13, B13, T1, U1. Accel.
5, HC 4, top speed 92.5; 2,300 lbs., $3,591.
Sniper Option I - Can be applied to either Rappahannock or Reckless Driving
Option. Drop suspension to standard (HC 3); add SWC. Increases price by $350.
Sniper Option II - Can be applied only to Rappahannock. Replace AP ammo with
regular ammo; add SWC. $3,916.
Reckless Driving Option - As Rappahannock, but upgrade chassis to XH, add
PC&SC to PP, upgrade tires to HD, replace AP ammo with regular ammo, add IcD
left, IcD right, IcD back (links allow the Back IcD to be fired in combination
with either the Left or Right, if desired). Replace armor with (Composite):
F5/10, R5/10, L5/10, B3/10, T0/2, U0/5. Top speed 90; 2,760 lbs., $4,987.
Billygoat - Subcompact, Hvy chassis, hvy suspension, Med PP, 4 HD tires,
driver only. Armor: F35 (Ramplate), R14, L14, B13, T1, U1, driver has 10-pt
CA. Accel. 10, HC 4, top speed 127.5; 2,528 lbs., $3,836.
Talladega Shineship - Subcompact, std. chassis, hvy. suspension, small PP
w/PC, 4 regular tires, driver only, MML front, JD back. Armor: F9, R8, L8, B9,
T1, U1. Spoiler, airdam, SWC. Accel. 5, HC 4 (5 at 60mph+), top speed 95;
2,300 lbs., $3,996.
Blue Moon - As Shineship, but upgrade chassis to hvy., downgrade suspension to
std., replace PCs on PP with SCs, replace regular MML ammo with AP ammo, add
FCD back. Add 45 points of armor anywhere. HC 3 (4 at 60mph+), top speed 90;
2,530 lbs., $4,981.
Highwayman - Med. Cycle, med cycle PP, OR suspension, 2 HD OR cycle tires,
cyclist, MG front, 3 linked AP MNR front, Armor: F15, B15, 10pt cycle
wheelgaurd front and back. Accel. 10, HC 1 (2 off-road), top speed 125; 1,100
lbs., $4,695.
The Morro - Compact, light chassis, improved suspension, Medium PP, 4 HD
tires, driver (G. Gordon), gunner (Mrs. Liddy, because Mr. Liddy isn't allowed
to have guns), RL w/incendiary ammo front, 2 OD left, OD right (linked to one
of the left ODs), FOD back (linked to RL). Armor (Composite): F1/20, R1/14,
L1/14, B1/13, T0/1, U0/3. Accel. 5, HC 2, top speed 105; 3,300 lbs., $4,995.
Fighting-Ring Option - As above, but upgrade chassis to XH, upgrade suspension
to heavy, add SCs to PP, drop Mrs. Liddy (this is a men-only prison), add
second RL w/incendiary front; the pair are linked. Drop FOD, one left-side OD,
and the RL/FOD link. ODs are now linked (as a pair) to the RL link. Armor is
now (Composite): F7/30, R7/20, L7/20, B7/20, T1/5, U1/5. RL pair now has SWC.
HC 3, top speed 92.5; 4,440 lbs., $9,525.
Slaughterhouse Special - Light Trike, std. chassis, med cycle PP, light
suspension, 3 HD cycle tires, cyclist, gunner, 2 linked MMLs w/AP ammo right,
GS w/paint back (liked to MML link). Armor: F22, R23, L22, B22, T1, U3. Accel.
5, HC 0, top speed 97.5; 1,600 lbs., $4,984.
Abbatoir Option - Add SWC to gunner position (MML pair), armor is (Composite)
F3/7 R3/8 L3/7 B3/7 T0/1 U0/3. $4,956. Lite Option - Drop chassis to light,
downgrade PP to small w/PC&SC, downgrade tires to standard, move 1 MML to Left
side and change link to smartlink, drop GS and GS link, add PD to Right, Left,
Back. Armor (now sloped): F16, R16, L16, B15, T1, U3, 4-pt cycle wheelgaurd
front, 2-pt wheelgaurds on each rear tire. Top speed 90; 1,377 lbs., $4,831.
Weevil - Compact, light chassis, Med PP, light suspension, 4 standard tires,
driver only, 2 linked MMLs front, 1 AP MNR right, 1 AP MNR left, 1 AP MNR
back. Armor (sloped): F20, R19, L19, B15, T1, U3. Accel. 5, HC 1, top speed
112.5; 3,042 lbs., $4,997.
Beelzebug - Subcompact, blueprinted 50 cid engine w/5 gallon racing tank,
light suspension, 4 PR tires, driver, MG w/HD ammo front, linked to SD
w/explosive spikes back. Armor (sloped): F20, R15, L15, B20, T2, U4, 10 pt.
component armor on driver. Accel. 5, HC 2, top speed 60; 2,300 lbs., $5,995.
Bluebottle Option - Drop 22 armor and component armor. Change ammo in MG to
regular. Add another MG front, and another link for the MG pair (the SD link
is now linked to the pair). $6,945.
Shocktrooper - Medium cycle, heavy suspension, medium cycle PP, 2 PR radial
cycle tires, cyclist only, RL w/AP ammo front. Armor (composite): F3/2, B3/2,
two 5-point wheelgaurds. HRSWC, HD Brakes. Accel. 10, HC 3, top speed 125;
1,100 lbs., $7,284.
Raspberry - Compact, light chassis, medium PP, heavy suspension, 4 solid
tires, driver only, MF w/extra magazine left. Armor: F20, L25, R20, B15, T2,
U8. Accel. 5, HC 3, top speed 135; 3,330 lbs., $7,890.
Fiend - Compact, hvy. chassis, Medium PP, standard suspension, 4 PR tires,
driver only, VMG front, GS w/paint left. Armor (sloped composite): F4/30,
R3/25, L3/25, B3/25, T1/1, U1/5. SWC. Accel. 5, HC 2, top speed 90; 4,066
lbs., $8,430.
Tin Man Option - Drop all plastic armor, add 22 points of metal armor anywhere
(armor is still sloped). 4,060 lbs., $7,774.
The Bigwheel - Light Trike, hvy. chassis, hvy. suspension, large cycle PP
w/SC, 3 SB radial cycle tires, driver only, VMG left, FOJ back. Armor: F17,
R17, L20, B15, T5, U10. Two 10-pt wheelgaurds rear, 10-pt cycle wheelguard
front. Accel. 10, HC 3, top speed 147.5; 1,756 lbs., $8,787.
Crusher Mk I - Mid-sized, light chassis, large power plant with PC, light
suspension, 4 puncture-resistant tires, driver only, 2 linked SD corner
mounted left rear and right rear, VMG front. Armor (sloped): F25, R20, L20,
B20, T5, U10. Accel. 10, HC 1, top speed 120; 4,150 lbs., $8,790.
Crusher Mk II - Upgrade tires to radial and suspension to normal. Add 14
points of armor anywhere. HC is raised to 3, top speed drops to 117.5; 4,302
lbs., $9,987.
Tulsa Torpedo - Compact, hvy. chassis, hvy suspension, large PP
You Have Entered the Memorial Shrine of Rogue HASTUR
Hot Asphalt • Short Tempers • Unholy Rites
This is the memorial homepage and Vehicle Stock List of HASTUR - formerly the
Fredericksburg, Virginia area's premier society of autoduellists, and chapter
of the American Autoduel Association. Chartered on the 5th of July, 2045 and
officially disbanded on the 5th of August, 2052, HASTUR was dedicated to safe
duelling, the exploration of the cosmos, contact with Elder Beings, and the
interests of good motorists up and down the local expanse of Interstate 95
(and the dreaded Highway One).
Our original headquarters was located on Jefferson Davis Highway, adjacent to
the Robert's Point Memorial (see ADQ 9/3), and the second (downtown) HQ was
abandoned when the then-High Priest, S. John Ross, left the bosom of darkness
to infiltrate the heart of the AADA itself. He served as AADA president in
2048. He is currently in exile, last rumored to be forming a personal army in
the depths of the Texas hill country. HASTUR's second and final High Priest,
Chris Reid, took the cloak of leadership, promised to launch HASTUR to glory,
and took the bulk of the organization deeper into hiding. HASTUR has not been
heard from in any official capacity since. HASTUR's final headquarters was
located somewhere in the wild country just beyond the walls of fortified
Fredericksburg.
For GURPS Autoduel fans, we have the Carmaker's Cribsheet, to help Autoduel
cars feel more like their Car Wars counterparts, and be easier to build!
HASTUR engineers operating in Oklahoma were the designers of the Sonic Cannon,
the first new official Car Wars hardware in years! Includes stats for both Car
Wars and GURPS Autoduel.
To read about other AADA chapters, visit the links page of High Velocity
Duelling, an excellent Car Wars webzine. For general information on Steve
Jackson Games' cool line of adventure-gaming products, click HERE and enjoy.
HASTUR's Unspeakable Stocklist
Last Updated Summer, 2047
Rappahannock - Subcompact, std. chassis, small PP, hvy. suspension, 4 standard
tires, driver, RL w/AP ammo front. Armor: F15, R13, L13, B13, T1, U1. Accel.
5, HC 4, top speed 92.5; 2,300 lbs., $3,591.
Sniper Option I - Can be applied to either Rappahannock or Reckless Driving
Option. Drop suspension to standard (HC 3); add SWC. Increases price by $350.
Sniper Option II - Can be applied only to Rappahannock. Replace AP ammo with
regular ammo; add SWC. $3,916.
Reckless Driving Option - As Rappahannock, but upgrade chassis to XH, add
PC&SC to PP, upgrade tires to HD, replace AP ammo with regular ammo, add IcD
left, IcD right, IcD back (links allow the Back IcD to be fired in combination
with either the Left or Right, if desired). Replace armor with (Composite):
F5/10, R5/10, L5/10, B3/10, T0/2, U0/5. Top speed 90; 2,760 lbs., $4,987.
Billygoat - Subcompact, Hvy chassis, hvy suspension, Med PP, 4 HD tires,
driver only. Armor: F35 (Ramplate), R14, L14, B13, T1, U1, driver has 10-pt
CA. Accel. 10, HC 4, top speed 127.5; 2,528 lbs., $3,836.
Talladega Shineship - Subcompact, std. chassis, hvy. suspension, small PP
w/PC, 4 regular tires, driver only, MML front, JD back. Armor: F9, R8, L8, B9,
T1, U1. Spoiler, airdam, SWC. Accel. 5, HC 4 (5 at 60mph+), top speed 95;
2,300 lbs., $3,996.
Blue Moon - As Shineship, but upgrade chassis to hvy., downgrade suspension to
std., replace PCs on PP with SCs, replace regular MML ammo with AP ammo, add
FCD back. Add 45 points of armor anywhere. HC 3 (4 at 60mph+), top speed 90;
2,530 lbs., $4,981.
Highwayman - Med. Cycle, med cycle PP, OR suspension, 2 HD OR cycle tires,
cyclist, MG front, 3 linked AP MNR front, Armor: F15, B15, 10pt cycle
wheelgaurd front and back. Accel. 10, HC 1 (2 off-road), top speed 125; 1,100
lbs., $4,695.
The Morro - Compact, light chassis, improved suspension, Medium PP, 4 HD
tires, driver (G. Gordon), gunner (Mrs. Liddy, because Mr. Liddy isn't allowed
to have guns), RL w/incendiary ammo front, 2 OD left, OD right (linked to one
of the left ODs), FOD back (linked to RL). Armor (Composite): F1/20, R1/14,
L1/14, B1/13, T0/1, U0/3. Accel. 5, HC 2, top speed 105; 3,300 lbs., $4,995.
Fighting-Ring Option - As above, but upgrade chassis to XH, upgrade suspension
to heavy, add SCs to PP, drop Mrs. Liddy (this is a men-only prison), add
second RL w/incendiary front; the pair are linked. Drop FOD, one left-side OD,
and the RL/FOD link. ODs are now linked (as a pair) to the RL link. Armor is
now (Composite): F7/30, R7/20, L7/20, B7/20, T1/5, U1/5. RL pair now has SWC.
HC 3, top speed 92.5; 4,440 lbs., $9,525.
Slaughterhouse Special - Light Trike, std. chassis, med cycle PP, light
suspension, 3 HD cycle tires, cyclist, gunner, 2 linked MMLs w/AP ammo right,
GS w/paint back (liked to MML link). Armor: F22, R23, L22, B22, T1, U3. Accel.
5, HC 0, top speed 97.5; 1,600 lbs., $4,984.
Abbatoir Option - Add SWC to gunner position (MML pair), armor is (Composite)
F3/7 R3/8 L3/7 B3/7 T0/1 U0/3. $4,956. Lite Option - Drop chassis to light,
downgrade PP to small w/PC&SC, downgrade tires to standard, move 1 MML to Left
side and change link to smartlink, drop GS and GS link, add PD to Right, Left,
Back. Armor (now sloped): F16, R16, L16, B15, T1, U3, 4-pt cycle wheelgaurd
front, 2-pt wheelgaurds on each rear tire. Top speed 90; 1,377 lbs., $4,831.
Weevil - Compact, light chassis, Med PP, light suspension, 4 standard tires,
driver only, 2 linked MMLs front, 1 AP MNR right, 1 AP MNR left, 1 AP MNR
back. Armor (sloped): F20, R19, L19, B15, T1, U3. Accel. 5, HC 1, top speed
112.5; 3,042 lbs., $4,997.
Beelzebug - Subcompact, blueprinted 50 cid engine w/5 gallon racing tank,
light suspension, 4 PR tires, driver, MG w/HD ammo front, linked to SD
w/explosive spikes back. Armor (sloped): F20, R15, L15, B20, T2, U4, 10 pt.
component armor on driver. Accel. 5, HC 2, top speed 60; 2,300 lbs., $5,995.
Bluebottle Option - Drop 22 armor and component armor. Change ammo in MG to
regular. Add another MG front, and another link for the MG pair (the SD link
is now linked to the pair). $6,945.
Shocktrooper - Medium cycle, heavy suspension, medium cycle PP, 2 PR radial
cycle tires, cyclist only, RL w/AP ammo front. Armor (composite): F3/2, B3/2,
two 5-point wheelgaurds. HRSWC, HD Brakes. Accel. 10, HC 3, top speed 125;
1,100 lbs., $7,284.
Raspberry - Compact, light chassis, medium PP, heavy suspension, 4 solid
tires, driver only, MF w/extra magazine left. Armor: F20, L25, R20, B15, T2,
U8. Accel. 5, HC 3, top speed 135; 3,330 lbs., $7,890.
Fiend - Compact, hvy. chassis, Medium PP, standard suspension, 4 PR tires,
driver only, VMG front, GS w/paint left. Armor (sloped composite): F4/30,
R3/25, L3/25, B3/25, T1/1, U1/5. SWC. Accel. 5, HC 2, top speed 90; 4,066
lbs., $8,430.
Tin Man Option - Drop all plastic armor, add 22 points of metal armor anywhere
(armor is still sloped). 4,060 lbs., $7,774.
The Bigwheel - Light Trike, hvy. chassis, hvy. suspension, large cycle PP
w/SC, 3 SB radial cycle tires, driver only, VMG left, FOJ back. Armor: F17,
R17, L20, B15, T5, U10. Two 10-pt wheelgaurds rear, 10-pt cycle wheelguard
front. Accel. 10, HC 3, top speed 147.5; 1,756 lbs., $8,787.
Crusher Mk I - Mid-sized, light chassis, large power plant with PC, light
suspension, 4 puncture-resistant tires, driver only, 2 linked SD corner
mounted left rear and right rear, VMG front. Armor (sloped): F25, R20, L20,
B20, T5, U10. Accel. 10, HC 1, top speed 120; 4,150 lbs., $8,790.
Crusher Mk II - Upgrade tires to radial and suspension to normal. Add 14
points of armor anywhere. HC is raised to 3, top speed drops to 117.5; 4,302
lbs., $9,987.
Tulsa Torpedo - Compact, hvy. chassis, hvy suspension, large PP
Zufielkrankenmãnner....
http://home.worldonline.dk/nyskes/13th/German.htm
These are my "translations" of the german cards. I made these
because "Zufielkrankenmãnner" doesn't mean a whole lot to most non-
germanspeaking people. These "translations" are an attempt to keep the cards
satirical and logical. Not particularly useful - but fun none the less.
Anarchists (Autonome): Liberal, Fanatic. Power: 3, Resistance: 4. (In: T, Out:
L).
Fight the government - take the power back.
+10 to any attempt to destroy any government group.
Common
Elvis Impersonators (CONspiracy): Weird, Fanatic. Power: 2/2, Resistance: 3.
(In: T, Out: B).
Icons of weirdness - the idols of millions.
Gives +1 power to all your other weird groups.
Special
Nick Leeson (Dagobert): Criminal, Straight, Fanatic. Power: 1, Resistance: 3.
Personality.. (In: T, Out: L).
I did it once, I can do it again.
Once per turn, Nick Leeson can try, as a free action, to steal one action
token from a corporate group. Rolla die: 1-3 means nothing happens. 4-6 means
success - Nick Leeson gets the stolen token, but can only use it for his own
defense.
Uncommon
David Copperfield (Der Grosse Magier): Peaceful. Magic. Power: 1/1,
Resistance: 2. Personality.. (In: B, Out: T).
How could such fop ever have that kind of succes, unless..........he uses real
magic.
Gives +2 to any attempt to control any magic group. Has +10 for direct control
of any magic
Oh - so thats how he got Claudia Schiffer.
Common
Ex-Hippies (Karnevalisten): Weird (Straight). Power: 2, Resistance: 2. (In: B,
Out: L,T,R).
Call off the merger, they've got like really negative auras man.
Gives +2 on any attempt to control any Weird group.
During the other players' turns, the Ex-Hippies are Straight. During your own
turn, they are Weird. (In a two-player game, they're Weird only on every
second turn.)
Couch Potatoes (Manta-Fahrer): Fanatic. Power: 1, Resistance: 4. (In: T, Out:
L).
Don't turn it off - the test card will be on, any minute now.
By spending one Illuminati action, or action(s) of Media groups with total
power of 6 or more, you may add any one alignment to the Couch Potatoes. This
effect lasts until the beginning of your next turn. You can't add an alignment
that is opposite to one they already have.
Rare
Walt Dizzy Studios (Fussballprofis): Corporate. Media. Power: 2, Resistance:
4. (In: T, Out: L,R).
While box-office profits are at an all time low, merchandizing makes it all
worthwhile.
Walt Dizzy's corporate puppets add the attribute media.
Uncommon
Philosophers (Stammtischpolitiker): Straight. Power:1, Resistance:1. (In: B,
Out: T).
A philosophers primary objective is to make you doubt everything that you
believe.
The Philosophers can spend their action to reverse any alignment of any group
in play. This effect lasts until your next turn.
Rare
Michael Gorbachov (Erich Honecker): Conservative, Government. Communist.
Power:1, Resistance: 6. Personality. (In: T, Out: B).
The communist mastermind engeneered "glasnost" to make the capitalists let
down their guards - and that's just the beginning.
You may place up to three Plots under Michael. They don't count against your
limit, and cannot be exposed. You can use any of them at any time. Before
using one, you must remove it from under Michael and roll a die. On a 1 or 3,
discard it! On a 4 through 6, use it, paying the normal actions or other
costs. You may not exceed your goal limit in this way.
Uncommon
Jerry Springer (Showmaster): Conservative, Straight. Media. Power:1,
Resistance: 1. Personality. (In: T, Out: R).
The show that let's you watch people degrade themselves on-screen.
Spend Jerry's Action token to roll one die for any other Personality, with the
consent of that Personality's owner. On a 1-3, the Personality's printed power
is reduced permanently to 1. On a 4-6, it is permanently doubled. Only one
appearance is allowed for each Personality.
Common
USA (USA): Liberal, Government. Huge, Coastal, Nation. Power: 6/5, Resistance:
8. Place. (In: T, Out: L,B,R).
The land of high taxes and random violence.
Has +10 for direct control of the United Nations. Gives +4 on any attempt to
destroy violent groups.
For each american city/state that is in play, reduce the power of USA by 1.
Not tournament legal in USA. Last clause added, just to make a little sense,
in case you allow it to be played anyway.
Helmut Kohl (Helmut Kohl): Conservative, Government, Straight*. Power: 4,
Resistance: 2. Personality. (In: T, Out: L,R).
Chancellor of germany since 1982 - and with no immediate plans of leaving.
Helmut gives +3 on any attempt to control any government group that is part of
germany - or germany itself. He has +8 for direct control of any government
group.
Any time Helmut's alignment matters, roll a die: 1-3, he's straight at the
moment. On a 4-6, he's not.
Common
Sepp Blatter (Supertrainer): Conservative, Straight. Power: 2/1, Resistance:
4. Personality. (In: T, Out: L,R).
The utterly corrupt head of FIFA. In the end, he is the one deciding who wins
and who loses.
By using Sepp Blatters action, you may put any just played World Cup Victory
into your hand. You may do this only once per turn. Sepp Blatter has +10 for
direct control of Walt Dizzy Sudios - Don't ask.
David Letterman (Talkmaster): Liberal. Media. Power: 1, Resistance: 2.
Personality. (In: T, Out: L).
It's the only late night show that isn't about insulting the guests.
He has +6 for direct control of any personality.
Claudia Schiffer (Topmodell): Peaceful. Media. Power: 1, Resistance: 1.
Personality. (In: T, Out: R).
Shut up and look.
Gives +6 to any attempt to control a male media personality. Claudia may spend
her action to cancel the action of any media group.
Venus Williams (Tennis-Star): Liberal, Straight. Power: 1, Resistance: 4.
Personality. (In: T, Out: L).
Your Power Structure gets a +4 to defend against any attack involving a Media
group. She gets a +10 against any attack involving a Media group.
Common
NGOs (Zuvieldienstleistende): Liberal, Fanatic. Green. Power: 2, Resistance:
3. (In: T, Out: -).
Non Government Organizations - all of them annoyingly leftist.
By using this group's action, you can decrease the Power of any one
Conservative group by 3, or increase the Power of any one Liberal group by 3.
This effect lasts until the beginning of your next turn.
Common
CTU (Hipos): Straight, Government. Power: 1, Resistance: 4. (In: T, Out: -).
The Counter Terrorist Unit. Tapping phones and sifting trash - to ensure that
nobody is doing something that they shouldn't.
Spend this group's action to choose one player. Your victim must remove one
Action token from each of his groups that has more than one.
Uncommon
Military Academy Graduates (Burschenschaften): Conservative. Power: 3,
Resistance: 4. (In: B, Out: T).
Pumped full of patriotism. The sons of those with friends in high places.
You may spend this group's action to draw another Group card at any time. The
Military Academy Graduates count as two conservative groups towards any goal.
This card may not be in play if the Fraternal Orders are in play, and vice
versa. This card may not count as two conservative groups if the same player
is using the Fred Birch Society for two conservative groups, and vice versa.
Common
Jimmy Carter (Genschman): Straight, Liberal (Sometimes). Power: 3/3,
Resistance: 3. Personality. (In: T, Out: R).
Touring the world to ensure global peace - and an improved reputation for
himself.
Jimmy is liberal when he feels like it. He is treated as Liberal if and only
if you, the Illuminati pulling his strings, want him to be Liberal. He gets a
+2 bonus any time he aids in the defense of any Nation.
Common
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (Joschka Fischer): Government, L
http://home.worldonline.dk/nyskes/13th/German.htm
These are my "translations" of the german cards. I made these
because "Zufielkrankenmãnner" doesn't mean a whole lot to most non-
germanspeaking people. These "translations" are an attempt to keep the cards
satirical and logical. Not particularly useful - but fun none the less.
Anarchists (Autonome): Liberal, Fanatic. Power: 3, Resistance: 4. (In: T, Out:
L).
Fight the government - take the power back.
+10 to any attempt to destroy any government group.
Common
Elvis Impersonators (CONspiracy): Weird, Fanatic. Power: 2/2, Resistance: 3.
(In: T, Out: B).
Icons of weirdness - the idols of millions.
Gives +1 power to all your other weird groups.
Special
Nick Leeson (Dagobert): Criminal, Straight, Fanatic. Power: 1, Resistance: 3.
Personality.. (In: T, Out: L).
I did it once, I can do it again.
Once per turn, Nick Leeson can try, as a free action, to steal one action
token from a corporate group. Rolla die: 1-3 means nothing happens. 4-6 means
success - Nick Leeson gets the stolen token, but can only use it for his own
defense.
Uncommon
David Copperfield (Der Grosse Magier): Peaceful. Magic. Power: 1/1,
Resistance: 2. Personality.. (In: B, Out: T).
How could such fop ever have that kind of succes, unless..........he uses real
magic.
Gives +2 to any attempt to control any magic group. Has +10 for direct control
of any magic
Oh - so thats how he got Claudia Schiffer.
Common
Ex-Hippies (Karnevalisten): Weird (Straight). Power: 2, Resistance: 2. (In: B,
Out: L,T,R).
Call off the merger, they've got like really negative auras man.
Gives +2 on any attempt to control any Weird group.
During the other players' turns, the Ex-Hippies are Straight. During your own
turn, they are Weird. (In a two-player game, they're Weird only on every
second turn.)
Couch Potatoes (Manta-Fahrer): Fanatic. Power: 1, Resistance: 4. (In: T, Out:
L).
Don't turn it off - the test card will be on, any minute now.
By spending one Illuminati action, or action(s) of Media groups with total
power of 6 or more, you may add any one alignment to the Couch Potatoes. This
effect lasts until the beginning of your next turn. You can't add an alignment
that is opposite to one they already have.
Rare
Walt Dizzy Studios (Fussballprofis): Corporate. Media. Power: 2, Resistance:
4. (In: T, Out: L,R).
While box-office profits are at an all time low, merchandizing makes it all
worthwhile.
Walt Dizzy's corporate puppets add the attribute media.
Uncommon
Philosophers (Stammtischpolitiker): Straight. Power:1, Resistance:1. (In: B,
Out: T).
A philosophers primary objective is to make you doubt everything that you
believe.
The Philosophers can spend their action to reverse any alignment of any group
in play. This effect lasts until your next turn.
Rare
Michael Gorbachov (Erich Honecker): Conservative, Government. Communist.
Power:1, Resistance: 6. Personality. (In: T, Out: B).
The communist mastermind engeneered "glasnost" to make the capitalists let
down their guards - and that's just the beginning.
You may place up to three Plots under Michael. They don't count against your
limit, and cannot be exposed. You can use any of them at any time. Before
using one, you must remove it from under Michael and roll a die. On a 1 or 3,
discard it! On a 4 through 6, use it, paying the normal actions or other
costs. You may not exceed your goal limit in this way.
Uncommon
Jerry Springer (Showmaster): Conservative, Straight. Media. Power:1,
Resistance: 1. Personality. (In: T, Out: R).
The show that let's you watch people degrade themselves on-screen.
Spend Jerry's Action token to roll one die for any other Personality, with the
consent of that Personality's owner. On a 1-3, the Personality's printed power
is reduced permanently to 1. On a 4-6, it is permanently doubled. Only one
appearance is allowed for each Personality.
Common
USA (USA): Liberal, Government. Huge, Coastal, Nation. Power: 6/5, Resistance:
8. Place. (In: T, Out: L,B,R).
The land of high taxes and random violence.
Has +10 for direct control of the United Nations. Gives +4 on any attempt to
destroy violent groups.
For each american city/state that is in play, reduce the power of USA by 1.
Not tournament legal in USA. Last clause added, just to make a little sense,
in case you allow it to be played anyway.
Helmut Kohl (Helmut Kohl): Conservative, Government, Straight*. Power: 4,
Resistance: 2. Personality. (In: T, Out: L,R).
Chancellor of germany since 1982 - and with no immediate plans of leaving.
Helmut gives +3 on any attempt to control any government group that is part of
germany - or germany itself. He has +8 for direct control of any government
group.
Any time Helmut's alignment matters, roll a die: 1-3, he's straight at the
moment. On a 4-6, he's not.
Common
Sepp Blatter (Supertrainer): Conservative, Straight. Power: 2/1, Resistance:
4. Personality. (In: T, Out: L,R).
The utterly corrupt head of FIFA. In the end, he is the one deciding who wins
and who loses.
By using Sepp Blatters action, you may put any just played World Cup Victory
into your hand. You may do this only once per turn. Sepp Blatter has +10 for
direct control of Walt Dizzy Sudios - Don't ask.
David Letterman (Talkmaster): Liberal. Media. Power: 1, Resistance: 2.
Personality. (In: T, Out: L).
It's the only late night show that isn't about insulting the guests.
He has +6 for direct control of any personality.
Claudia Schiffer (Topmodell): Peaceful. Media. Power: 1, Resistance: 1.
Personality. (In: T, Out: R).
Shut up and look.
Gives +6 to any attempt to control a male media personality. Claudia may spend
her action to cancel the action of any media group.
Venus Williams (Tennis-Star): Liberal, Straight. Power: 1, Resistance: 4.
Personality. (In: T, Out: L).
Your Power Structure gets a +4 to defend against any attack involving a Media
group. She gets a +10 against any attack involving a Media group.
Common
NGOs (Zuvieldienstleistende): Liberal, Fanatic. Green. Power: 2, Resistance:
3. (In: T, Out: -).
Non Government Organizations - all of them annoyingly leftist.
By using this group's action, you can decrease the Power of any one
Conservative group by 3, or increase the Power of any one Liberal group by 3.
This effect lasts until the beginning of your next turn.
Common
CTU (Hipos): Straight, Government. Power: 1, Resistance: 4. (In: T, Out: -).
The Counter Terrorist Unit. Tapping phones and sifting trash - to ensure that
nobody is doing something that they shouldn't.
Spend this group's action to choose one player. Your victim must remove one
Action token from each of his groups that has more than one.
Uncommon
Military Academy Graduates (Burschenschaften): Conservative. Power: 3,
Resistance: 4. (In: B, Out: T).
Pumped full of patriotism. The sons of those with friends in high places.
You may spend this group's action to draw another Group card at any time. The
Military Academy Graduates count as two conservative groups towards any goal.
This card may not be in play if the Fraternal Orders are in play, and vice
versa. This card may not count as two conservative groups if the same player
is using the Fred Birch Society for two conservative groups, and vice versa.
Common
Jimmy Carter (Genschman): Straight, Liberal (Sometimes). Power: 3/3,
Resistance: 3. Personality. (In: T, Out: R).
Touring the world to ensure global peace - and an improved reputation for
himself.
Jimmy is liberal when he feels like it. He is treated as Liberal if and only
if you, the Illuminati pulling his strings, want him to be Liberal. He gets a
+2 bonus any time he aids in the defense of any Nation.
Common
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (Joschka Fischer): Government, L
www.sjgames.com/illuminati/
It's only a game. Really. Fnord.
Sample Cards!
Game design by Steve Jackson • ISBN 1-55634-384-1 • $34.95
They're all around us. Secret conspiracies are everywhere, and where can you
find the only truth? Certainly not in the game of Illuminati. Fnord.
By popular demand, Deluxe Illuminati (not to be confused with the trading-card
version, INWO) is back in print! This new edition features full-color cards
and improved money chits . . . but it's the same game you know and fear, of
secret conspiracies battling for world control.
The phone company is controlled by creatures from outer space. The
Congressional Wives have taken over the Pentagon. And the Boy Sprouts are
cashing in their secret Swiss bank account to smash the IRS! Two to six
players compete to grab powerful groups and increase their wealth and power.
No ploy is too devious, no stratagem too low, as you scheme your way to
victory.
Yet More Illumination!
In June 1999 we released Y2K - a supplement deck for Illuminati with 110 more
cards. New Specials, new groups, and more blanks to let you create your own
groups. And two new Illuminati . . . you saw them in INWO, now they're in the
original game . . . Shangri-La and the Church of the SubGenius!
There Is Nothing To See Here
Now that you control the world . . . PLAY with it. The minds of billions of
people are yours to twist as you will. Our latest Illuminati release,
Illuminati Brainwash, adds a gameboard to Deluxe Illuminati, letting players
track (and change) the alignments of the whole world . . .
Fnord!
Illuminati: Crime Lords is based on the Illuminati system. It's not a
supplement, but a separate stand-alone game created by Steve Jackson. Rival
mobs battle for control of the city. Take over the rackets, rake in the dough,
and rub out the opposition. It's the American dream.
Edition Francaise
In December 2001 we released the French-language edition of Deluxe Illuminati.
The Errata and Rulings for Illuminati.
Tournament Rules for Illuminati.
Illuminated Articles
Related Items
Roleplayers should check out GURPS Illuminati, for those brave enough to enter
the world where everything in the tabloids is true . . . and GURPS Warehouse
23, for those who want to see the things that the Secret Masters don't want
you to have. And GURPS IOU reveals the secrets behind that truly unique
institution of higher education, Illuminati University.
Illuminati Pins and T-Shirts - show your membership in the classy conspiracy.
The Fnorder - secret messages from the Illuminati.
Looking for people to play with? Looking for good retailers? Use the Gamer
Finder!
Userfriendly.org's Illuminati Card (and here's a high-res TIFF version
suitable for printing on a blank card)
Do you want to know even more?
Download the rules for Deluxe Illuminati.
Download a list of the cards in Deluxe Illuminati.
Frequently Asked Questions About the Real Illuminati
The Principia Discordia
It's only a game. Really. Fnord.
Sample Cards!
Game design by Steve Jackson • ISBN 1-55634-384-1 • $34.95
They're all around us. Secret conspiracies are everywhere, and where can you
find the only truth? Certainly not in the game of Illuminati. Fnord.
By popular demand, Deluxe Illuminati (not to be confused with the trading-card
version, INWO) is back in print! This new edition features full-color cards
and improved money chits . . . but it's the same game you know and fear, of
secret conspiracies battling for world control.
The phone company is controlled by creatures from outer space. The
Congressional Wives have taken over the Pentagon. And the Boy Sprouts are
cashing in their secret Swiss bank account to smash the IRS! Two to six
players compete to grab powerful groups and increase their wealth and power.
No ploy is too devious, no stratagem too low, as you scheme your way to
victory.
Yet More Illumination!
In June 1999 we released Y2K - a supplement deck for Illuminati with 110 more
cards. New Specials, new groups, and more blanks to let you create your own
groups. And two new Illuminati . . . you saw them in INWO, now they're in the
original game . . . Shangri-La and the Church of the SubGenius!
There Is Nothing To See Here
Now that you control the world . . . PLAY with it. The minds of billions of
people are yours to twist as you will. Our latest Illuminati release,
Illuminati Brainwash, adds a gameboard to Deluxe Illuminati, letting players
track (and change) the alignments of the whole world . . .
Fnord!
Illuminati: Crime Lords is based on the Illuminati system. It's not a
supplement, but a separate stand-alone game created by Steve Jackson. Rival
mobs battle for control of the city. Take over the rackets, rake in the dough,
and rub out the opposition. It's the American dream.
Edition Francaise
In December 2001 we released the French-language edition of Deluxe Illuminati.
The Errata and Rulings for Illuminati.
Tournament Rules for Illuminati.
Illuminated Articles
Related Items
Roleplayers should check out GURPS Illuminati, for those brave enough to enter
the world where everything in the tabloids is true . . . and GURPS Warehouse
23, for those who want to see the things that the Secret Masters don't want
you to have. And GURPS IOU reveals the secrets behind that truly unique
institution of higher education, Illuminati University.
Illuminati Pins and T-Shirts - show your membership in the classy conspiracy.
The Fnorder - secret messages from the Illuminati.
Looking for people to play with? Looking for good retailers? Use the Gamer
Finder!
Userfriendly.org's Illuminati Card (and here's a high-res TIFF version
suitable for printing on a blank card)
Do you want to know even more?
Download the rules for Deluxe Illuminati.
Download a list of the cards in Deluxe Illuminati.
Frequently Asked Questions About the Real Illuminati
The Principia Discordia
• Auroral Electrojet Research Studies IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se
Gość: aURora 03.11.03, 01:51 zarchiwizowany
What is this Auroral Electrojet?
The term 'auroral electrojet' is the name given to the large horizontal
currents that flow in the D and E regions of the auroral ionosphere. Although
horizontal ionospheric currents can be expected to flow at any latitude where
horizontal ionospheric electric fields are present, the auroral electrojet
currents are remarkable for their strength and persistence. There are two main
factors in the production of the electrojet. First of all, the conductivity of
the auroral ionosphere is generally larger than that at lower latitudes.
Secondly, the horizontal electric field in the auroral ionosphere is also
larger than that at lower latitudes. Since the strength of the current flow is
directly proportional to the vector product of the conductivity and the
horizontal electric field, the auroral electrojet currents are generally
larger compared to those at lower latitudes.
During magnetically quiet periods, the electrojet is generally confined to the
auroral oval. However during disturbed periods, the electrojet increases in
strength and expands to both higher and lower latitudes. This expansion
results from two factors, enhanced particle precipitation and enhanced
ionospheric electric fields.
Following picture shows the location of the auroral electrojet in general, and
also shows subionospheric propagation paths used for VLF-based electrojet
detection over North America and North Atlantic.
Location of the Auroral Electrojet
Energetic Electron Precipitation
EEP represents a significant form of coupling between the ionosphere and
magnetosphere, which is itself an important component of Space Weather. The
magnetosphere can be thought of as a current generator which drives the
ionosphere as an electrical 'load', in which significant energy dissipation
takes place.
There is abundant evidence that during geomagnetic storms and substorms large
fluxes of energetic electrons are directly injected into the auroral and
subauroral regions from source regions in the magnetosphere. This
precipitation is a major source of energy input into the lower ionosphere and
cause substantial changes in the chemistry of this region. In addition these
precipitating electrons produce secondary ionization in the D and E regions of
both the auroral and subauroral ionospheres, significantly increasing the
electrical conductivity of these regions. As a result of this increased
conductivity, larger electric currents are produced there.
The importance of energetic particle precipitation in the electrojet expansion
during disturbed periods has been demonstrated by Kikuchi and Evans [1983],
who showed that the precipitation is completely correlated in time with the
development of the electrojet current system.
VLF Measurements of the Auroral Electrojet
A key feature of E > 300 keV precipitation is the fact that it penetrates
deeply into the D region of the ionosphere, well below the normal reflection
height for VLF waves which propagate in the earth ionosphere waveguide. The
enhanced ionization which is produced by the precipitated flux strongly
perturbs the phase and amplitude of the propagation VLF waves. As shown by a
number of studies [Kikuchi, 1981; Kikuchi and Evans, 1983; Kikuchi et al.,
1983; Cummer et al., 1994 (AGU Outstanding Student Paper Award); Cummer et
al., 1996] these perturbations are readily measurable with contemporary
instruments.
Cummer et al. [1996] found that clear perturbations in both the VLF amplitude
and phase data were associated with electrojet movements over the magnetometer
stations.
The path configurations were such that any southward expansion of the
electrojet during substorms could be remotely monitored by measuring the phase
perturbations produced in the earth-ionosphere waveguide signals along the
various paths.
Application of VLF Technique
VLF data over Eastern Canada has been studied for correlations with auroral
electron precipitation regions over the path [Cummer et al., 1994]. It is well
known that the E region conductivity enhancements caused by this precipitation
are a major component in the increase of auroral electrojet currents, and as
such the edge of the precipitation region is well-correlated with the edge of
the elctrojet. X-ray images of the region were taken by the AXIS instrument on
the UARS satellite, and from these it can easily be determined whether the
precipitation region is over a VLF propagation path.
Following figure shows an example of simultaneous AXIS images, VLF data, and
magnetometer data over the course of a single night. The VLF path studied was
from the NLK transmitter to Gander, Newfoundland. Three x-ray images were
taken over the region of interest, and it can clearly be seen that only during
the third image was there electron precipitation occuring over the VLF path.
Simultaneous with this last image is a significant amplitude drop in the NLK
signal.
Early Warning
In many cases the VLF technique can provide hours of early warning of possible
electrojet intrusion to mid-latitudes over the North American continent. The
electrojet is a current system that is approximately fixed in inertial space
with the earth rotating under it, and a strong electrojet activity is common
in the local midnight sector of the auroral region. During major storms the
electrojet can remain at mid-latitudes for as many as six hours. Since the VLF
technique can detect the electrojet boundary over the Atlantic, it can provide
2 to 6 hours warning of possible strong electrojet activity when the North
American continent enters the midnight sector.
Related Links
Position of Aurora :Clickable Map
The Aurora Page
Aurora Borealis- the northern lights
US Dept of Commerce/NOAA/National Geophysical Data Center
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center - FAST home page
Fast Auroral SnapshoT Explorer
Space Sciences Laboratory, U.C. Berkeley - FAST home page
Fast Auroral Snapshot Explorer
Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, UCLA
www-star.stanford.edu/~vlf/ejet/electrojet.html
www-star.stanford.edu/~vlf/ejet/images/map.gif
Welcome to The Aurora Page
www.geo.mtu.edu/weather/aurora/
The term 'auroral electrojet' is the name given to the large horizontal
currents that flow in the D and E regions of the auroral ionosphere. Although
horizontal ionospheric currents can be expected to flow at any latitude where
horizontal ionospheric electric fields are present, the auroral electrojet
currents are remarkable for their strength and persistence. There are two main
factors in the production of the electrojet. First of all, the conductivity of
the auroral ionosphere is generally larger than that at lower latitudes.
Secondly, the horizontal electric field in the auroral ionosphere is also
larger than that at lower latitudes. Since the strength of the current flow is
directly proportional to the vector product of the conductivity and the
horizontal electric field, the auroral electrojet currents are generally
larger compared to those at lower latitudes.
During magnetically quiet periods, the electrojet is generally confined to the
auroral oval. However during disturbed periods, the electrojet increases in
strength and expands to both higher and lower latitudes. This expansion
results from two factors, enhanced particle precipitation and enhanced
ionospheric electric fields.
Following picture shows the location of the auroral electrojet in general, and
also shows subionospheric propagation paths used for VLF-based electrojet
detection over North America and North Atlantic.
Location of the Auroral Electrojet
Energetic Electron Precipitation
EEP represents a significant form of coupling between the ionosphere and
magnetosphere, which is itself an important component of Space Weather. The
magnetosphere can be thought of as a current generator which drives the
ionosphere as an electrical 'load', in which significant energy dissipation
takes place.
There is abundant evidence that during geomagnetic storms and substorms large
fluxes of energetic electrons are directly injected into the auroral and
subauroral regions from source regions in the magnetosphere. This
precipitation is a major source of energy input into the lower ionosphere and
cause substantial changes in the chemistry of this region. In addition these
precipitating electrons produce secondary ionization in the D and E regions of
both the auroral and subauroral ionospheres, significantly increasing the
electrical conductivity of these regions. As a result of this increased
conductivity, larger electric currents are produced there.
The importance of energetic particle precipitation in the electrojet expansion
during disturbed periods has been demonstrated by Kikuchi and Evans [1983],
who showed that the precipitation is completely correlated in time with the
development of the electrojet current system.
VLF Measurements of the Auroral Electrojet
A key feature of E > 300 keV precipitation is the fact that it penetrates
deeply into the D region of the ionosphere, well below the normal reflection
height for VLF waves which propagate in the earth ionosphere waveguide. The
enhanced ionization which is produced by the precipitated flux strongly
perturbs the phase and amplitude of the propagation VLF waves. As shown by a
number of studies [Kikuchi, 1981; Kikuchi and Evans, 1983; Kikuchi et al.,
1983; Cummer et al., 1994 (AGU Outstanding Student Paper Award); Cummer et
al., 1996] these perturbations are readily measurable with contemporary
instruments.
Cummer et al. [1996] found that clear perturbations in both the VLF amplitude
and phase data were associated with electrojet movements over the magnetometer
stations.
The path configurations were such that any southward expansion of the
electrojet during substorms could be remotely monitored by measuring the phase
perturbations produced in the earth-ionosphere waveguide signals along the
various paths.
Application of VLF Technique
VLF data over Eastern Canada has been studied for correlations with auroral
electron precipitation regions over the path [Cummer et al., 1994]. It is well
known that the E region conductivity enhancements caused by this precipitation
are a major component in the increase of auroral electrojet currents, and as
such the edge of the precipitation region is well-correlated with the edge of
the elctrojet. X-ray images of the region were taken by the AXIS instrument on
the UARS satellite, and from these it can easily be determined whether the
precipitation region is over a VLF propagation path.
Following figure shows an example of simultaneous AXIS images, VLF data, and
magnetometer data over the course of a single night. The VLF path studied was
from the NLK transmitter to Gander, Newfoundland. Three x-ray images were
taken over the region of interest, and it can clearly be seen that only during
the third image was there electron precipitation occuring over the VLF path.
Simultaneous with this last image is a significant amplitude drop in the NLK
signal.
Early Warning
In many cases the VLF technique can provide hours of early warning of possible
electrojet intrusion to mid-latitudes over the North American continent. The
electrojet is a current system that is approximately fixed in inertial space
with the earth rotating under it, and a strong electrojet activity is common
in the local midnight sector of the auroral region. During major storms the
electrojet can remain at mid-latitudes for as many as six hours. Since the VLF
technique can detect the electrojet boundary over the Atlantic, it can provide
2 to 6 hours warning of possible strong electrojet activity when the North
American continent enters the midnight sector.
Related Links
Position of Aurora :Clickable Map
The Aurora Page
Aurora Borealis- the northern lights
US Dept of Commerce/NOAA/National Geophysical Data Center
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center - FAST home page
Fast Auroral SnapshoT Explorer
Space Sciences Laboratory, U.C. Berkeley - FAST home page
Fast Auroral Snapshot Explorer
Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, UCLA
www-star.stanford.edu/~vlf/ejet/electrojet.html
www-star.stanford.edu/~vlf/ejet/images/map.gif
Welcome to The Aurora Page
www.geo.mtu.edu/weather/aurora/
• The Hidden Life of Thunderstorms IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se
Gość: )]}{[( 03.11.03, 00:41 zarchiwizowany
The Hidden Life of Thunderstorms
Scientists are sending unmanned aircraft into electrical storms to learn more
about their mysterious inner workings.
Listen to this story via streaming audio, a downloadable file, or get help.
October 30, 2003: There's much more to a thunderstorm than meets the eye.
Literally. If you could see the invisible force fields around magnets and
clothes that have "static cling," a storm on the horizon would look very
different.
Engulfing and dwarfing the storm clouds, ghostly ribbons of huge magnetic and
electric fields would arch high above the thunder clouds to the top of the
atmosphere, and would sprawl downward from the clouds like tendrils groping
the landscape. These invisible fields are always in motion, swelling and
contorting as the storm clouds churn, lurching suddenly as lightning bolts
strike.
Above: Thunderstorms are also huge electrical dynamos. Image courtesy The
Aerospace Corporation.
Scientists have long assumed that this mostly hidden side of thunderstorms
serves as the electrical "pump" that maintains a huge difference in charge
between the earth's surface and an upper layer of the atmosphere called the
ionosphere. There's a voltage drop between the two, measuring somewhere
between 150,000 and 600,000 volts. Left to itself, this difference should
naturally balance out in about 15 minutes, but it doesn't.
So a pump must exist. Unfortunately, the numbers don't add up. Scientists are
still trying to figure it out: All the cloud-to-ground lightning strikes
occurring over the whole planet--about 15 strikes per second--don't move
enough electric current to maintain the charge difference seen. Something else
must be happening.
"There are other sources besides lightning, and that's part of what we're
trying to get a handle on," says Richard Blakeslee, a scientist at the Global
Hydrology and Climate Center at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center.
He explains: "The earth and its atmosphere are like a giant electric circuit.
In fair weather, the charge difference between the ionosphere and the ground
drives a steady trickle of current from the atmosphere to the ground, despite
the fact that air is a poor conductor of electricity."
"So something must drive a current back from the earth up into the atmosphere
to complete the loop and keep the circuit flowing--namely thunderstorms. The
two flows should be equal, but so far we still haven't 'balanced the budget'."
Above: Earth's surface and the ionosphere form an electrical circuit.
Thunderstorms help keep the current flowing. Image courtesy NASA.
To take a closer look at what's happening, Blakeslee and colleagues have used
a novel way of monitoring thunderstorms. They flew a modified version of the
Predator unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) used in the recent Iraq
War, "conscripting" a version of the aircraft into civilian duty to fly over
thunderstorms near Key West, Florida.
Their high-altitude version of the UAV, called the Altus II, can measure the
invisible electric and magnetic fields enveloping the storm. As the UAV flies
over the storm clouds, it passes through these fields, sensing the strength
and direction of the fields at points along its flight path.
Combined with optical measurements of lightning flashes, the result is a much
more complete picture of the electrical infrastructure of thunderstorms.
Right: The Altus unmanned aerial vehicle. Image courtesy NASA.
"One of the things we can measure with this experiment is the current flowing
above a thunderstorm," Blakeslee says. "It may be that there's very little
current flowing out of the top of the storm, but if you take all the thunder
clouds over the whole earth that are producing that small amount of current,
it may very much account for this discrepancy in the atmosphere's electricity
budget."
Where does this current come from? Blakeslee suggests one possibility.
"When the storm's electric fields get strong enough, the earth's surface under
the storm becomes charged. Grass, trees, people and everything start giving up
a charge that flows up into the atmosphere. Sometimes that's manifested in
something that can be seen like St. Elmo's Fire. Generally you don't see it,
but it's occurring all the time under storms," he says.
The hunt to quantify this missing current continues. Blakeslee's team is still
processing the data they gathered, and they hope to publish some of their
results within the next few months. One thing their research has already
shown, though, is the usefulness of these unmanned aircraft.
"These unmanned craft are an important new tool for studying storms," he
says. "They allow us to have much longer and more continuous observations
compared to manned airplanes, so they give us a fuller picture of what's going
on."
The UAV flies much slower than normal planes (150 mph vs. ~500 mph) and can
turn around much quicker. So while a manned plane would quickly zoom over a
storm and then spend a long time turning around for another pass, UAV's can
simply do slow "figure 8's" over the storm for hours, gathering data
continuously.
Left: Some of the flight patterns used during the storm observations. Image
courtesy NASA.
Geosynchronous satellites can also provide a continuous view of storms, but
these little remote-controlled planes offer some advantages.
"The UAV flies in the midst of the electrical and magnetic fields. Because
it's so close to the storm it can pick up very small optical signals that
distant satellites would miss," Blakeslee says.
"So there is a place in the future for UAV aircraft that could continuously
observe storms," he says, which will help scientists get a clearer view of the
hidden electrical life of thunderstorms.
science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2003/30oct_lightning.htm?list946445
Scientists are sending unmanned aircraft into electrical storms to learn more
about their mysterious inner workings.
Listen to this story via streaming audio, a downloadable file, or get help.
October 30, 2003: There's much more to a thunderstorm than meets the eye.
Literally. If you could see the invisible force fields around magnets and
clothes that have "static cling," a storm on the horizon would look very
different.
Engulfing and dwarfing the storm clouds, ghostly ribbons of huge magnetic and
electric fields would arch high above the thunder clouds to the top of the
atmosphere, and would sprawl downward from the clouds like tendrils groping
the landscape. These invisible fields are always in motion, swelling and
contorting as the storm clouds churn, lurching suddenly as lightning bolts
strike.
Above: Thunderstorms are also huge electrical dynamos. Image courtesy The
Aerospace Corporation.
Scientists have long assumed that this mostly hidden side of thunderstorms
serves as the electrical "pump" that maintains a huge difference in charge
between the earth's surface and an upper layer of the atmosphere called the
ionosphere. There's a voltage drop between the two, measuring somewhere
between 150,000 and 600,000 volts. Left to itself, this difference should
naturally balance out in about 15 minutes, but it doesn't.
So a pump must exist. Unfortunately, the numbers don't add up. Scientists are
still trying to figure it out: All the cloud-to-ground lightning strikes
occurring over the whole planet--about 15 strikes per second--don't move
enough electric current to maintain the charge difference seen. Something else
must be happening.
"There are other sources besides lightning, and that's part of what we're
trying to get a handle on," says Richard Blakeslee, a scientist at the Global
Hydrology and Climate Center at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center.
He explains: "The earth and its atmosphere are like a giant electric circuit.
In fair weather, the charge difference between the ionosphere and the ground
drives a steady trickle of current from the atmosphere to the ground, despite
the fact that air is a poor conductor of electricity."
"So something must drive a current back from the earth up into the atmosphere
to complete the loop and keep the circuit flowing--namely thunderstorms. The
two flows should be equal, but so far we still haven't 'balanced the budget'."
Above: Earth's surface and the ionosphere form an electrical circuit.
Thunderstorms help keep the current flowing. Image courtesy NASA.
To take a closer look at what's happening, Blakeslee and colleagues have used
a novel way of monitoring thunderstorms. They flew a modified version of the
Predator unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) used in the recent Iraq
War, "conscripting" a version of the aircraft into civilian duty to fly over
thunderstorms near Key West, Florida.
Their high-altitude version of the UAV, called the Altus II, can measure the
invisible electric and magnetic fields enveloping the storm. As the UAV flies
over the storm clouds, it passes through these fields, sensing the strength
and direction of the fields at points along its flight path.
Combined with optical measurements of lightning flashes, the result is a much
more complete picture of the electrical infrastructure of thunderstorms.
Right: The Altus unmanned aerial vehicle. Image courtesy NASA.
"One of the things we can measure with this experiment is the current flowing
above a thunderstorm," Blakeslee says. "It may be that there's very little
current flowing out of the top of the storm, but if you take all the thunder
clouds over the whole earth that are producing that small amount of current,
it may very much account for this discrepancy in the atmosphere's electricity
budget."
Where does this current come from? Blakeslee suggests one possibility.
"When the storm's electric fields get strong enough, the earth's surface under
the storm becomes charged. Grass, trees, people and everything start giving up
a charge that flows up into the atmosphere. Sometimes that's manifested in
something that can be seen like St. Elmo's Fire. Generally you don't see it,
but it's occurring all the time under storms," he says.
The hunt to quantify this missing current continues. Blakeslee's team is still
processing the data they gathered, and they hope to publish some of their
results within the next few months. One thing their research has already
shown, though, is the usefulness of these unmanned aircraft.
"These unmanned craft are an important new tool for studying storms," he
says. "They allow us to have much longer and more continuous observations
compared to manned airplanes, so they give us a fuller picture of what's going
on."
The UAV flies much slower than normal planes (150 mph vs. ~500 mph) and can
turn around much quicker. So while a manned plane would quickly zoom over a
storm and then spend a long time turning around for another pass, UAV's can
simply do slow "figure 8's" over the storm for hours, gathering data
continuously.
Left: Some of the flight patterns used during the storm observations. Image
courtesy NASA.
Geosynchronous satellites can also provide a continuous view of storms, but
these little remote-controlled planes offer some advantages.
"The UAV flies in the midst of the electrical and magnetic fields. Because
it's so close to the storm it can pick up very small optical signals that
distant satellites would miss," Blakeslee says.
"So there is a place in the future for UAV aircraft that could continuously
observe storms," he says, which will help scientists get a clearer view of the
hidden electrical life of thunderstorms.
science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2003/30oct_lightning.htm?list946445
www.paranoiamagazine.com/backissues.html
MYSTERY CHANNEL
PRESENTS
Sacred Geometry Conference WebCD
Or enter a title:
Sacred Geometry Conference
15th/16th March 2003
at Templar Lodge
It has been, and is being discovered that natural land formations, castles,
cairns and cathedrals are all seemingly aligned to precise mathematical, and
geometrical configurations such as pentagrams, 3-4-5 and equilateral
triangles, as well as many ancient buildings aligning upon circle
circumferences. This Pharo Mystery Conference on Sacred Geometry was the
first of its kind in the UK to begin to explain this phenomena.
Sacred Geometry is a field that has been finding an increased awareness with
the general public, but it still remains a mystery.
The questions that immediately arise are who built these, and why?
This Conference Footage Includes:
David Bews
The start of the conference saw David Bews take to the stage and speak about
his remarkable findings in the far North of Scotland ~ Caithness. David, a
military historian, found that castles and chapels as well as cairns, brochs
and standing stones are forming very distinct patterns across the Caithness
landscape. For More Information on David’s remarkable story go to
www.Pharo.com/caithness
Yuri Leitch
Glastonbury ~ The Isle of Avalon, and home to the Glastonbury Zodiac. This
enigmatic feature of the Glastonbury landscape was discovered in 1929 by the
Theosophist and Master Freemason Katharine Emma Maltwood F.R.S.A. Yuri takes
to the stage and discusses this fascinating feature.
Barry Dunford
Author of The Holy Land of Scotland, Barry came to present his findings to
suggest that in the Glen Lyon area of Scotland there was a mystery school of
which Jesus was an initiate. The evidence is startling, and certainly makes
one think about what these implications may mean.
William Buehler
William has spent 30 years of his life researching the many grids that have
been installed in temples, cathedrals and buildings of interest that span
across the entire Planet from all ages. He terms these as ‘Reshel Grids’.
During this presentation, William provides us with the cosmology that he has
been working with, and explains why this is now being re-discovered. He
further goes on to discuss how and where these girds have been applied and
provides us with examples of Temple & Earth Grid Geometry.
Tom Graham
Having lived most of his life around the Edinburgh area, Tom has come to know
the landscape very well. Imagine his surprise when a Horse & Rider feature
was suddenly visible on a map that he had been looking at for six years.
Researching this further, Tom realised that perhaps this was purposely
constructed for some, as yet, unknown reason.
Jacqueline Queally
Jackie is the proprietor of Celtic Trails, who provide unique and personal
tours of Scotland’s Ancient Sacred Sites. Jackie reveals a history that
revolves around the early Christians, visiting sites that were often in use
from early pre-Christian times to the days when the Knights Templar settled in
these lands. Each Celtic Trail is unique, highlighting Scotland's cultural and
spiritual heritage, and the timeless lure of the land. During her
presentation, Jackie discussed some of the fantastic experiences that her, and
her customers have experienced whilst at these ancient sites.
You can watch David Bews speaking at the Sacred Geometry Conference by
clicking on the button :
www.paranoiamagazine.com/paralinks.html
www.pharo.com/home.asp
www.humanunderground.com/echelon.html
www.freedomdomain.com/illumin.html
MYSTERY CHANNEL
PRESENTS
Sacred Geometry Conference WebCD
Or enter a title:
Sacred Geometry Conference
15th/16th March 2003
at Templar Lodge
It has been, and is being discovered that natural land formations, castles,
cairns and cathedrals are all seemingly aligned to precise mathematical, and
geometrical configurations such as pentagrams, 3-4-5 and equilateral
triangles, as well as many ancient buildings aligning upon circle
circumferences. This Pharo Mystery Conference on Sacred Geometry was the
first of its kind in the UK to begin to explain this phenomena.
Sacred Geometry is a field that has been finding an increased awareness with
the general public, but it still remains a mystery.
The questions that immediately arise are who built these, and why?
This Conference Footage Includes:
David Bews
The start of the conference saw David Bews take to the stage and speak about
his remarkable findings in the far North of Scotland ~ Caithness. David, a
military historian, found that castles and chapels as well as cairns, brochs
and standing stones are forming very distinct patterns across the Caithness
landscape. For More Information on David’s remarkable story go to
www.Pharo.com/caithness
Yuri Leitch
Glastonbury ~ The Isle of Avalon, and home to the Glastonbury Zodiac. This
enigmatic feature of the Glastonbury landscape was discovered in 1929 by the
Theosophist and Master Freemason Katharine Emma Maltwood F.R.S.A. Yuri takes
to the stage and discusses this fascinating feature.
Barry Dunford
Author of The Holy Land of Scotland, Barry came to present his findings to
suggest that in the Glen Lyon area of Scotland there was a mystery school of
which Jesus was an initiate. The evidence is startling, and certainly makes
one think about what these implications may mean.
William Buehler
William has spent 30 years of his life researching the many grids that have
been installed in temples, cathedrals and buildings of interest that span
across the entire Planet from all ages. He terms these as ‘Reshel Grids’.
During this presentation, William provides us with the cosmology that he has
been working with, and explains why this is now being re-discovered. He
further goes on to discuss how and where these girds have been applied and
provides us with examples of Temple & Earth Grid Geometry.
Tom Graham
Having lived most of his life around the Edinburgh area, Tom has come to know
the landscape very well. Imagine his surprise when a Horse & Rider feature
was suddenly visible on a map that he had been looking at for six years.
Researching this further, Tom realised that perhaps this was purposely
constructed for some, as yet, unknown reason.
Jacqueline Queally
Jackie is the proprietor of Celtic Trails, who provide unique and personal
tours of Scotland’s Ancient Sacred Sites. Jackie reveals a history that
revolves around the early Christians, visiting sites that were often in use
from early pre-Christian times to the days when the Knights Templar settled in
these lands. Each Celtic Trail is unique, highlighting Scotland's cultural and
spiritual heritage, and the timeless lure of the land. During her
presentation, Jackie discussed some of the fantastic experiences that her, and
her customers have experienced whilst at these ancient sites.
You can watch David Bews speaking at the Sacred Geometry Conference by
clicking on the button :
www.paranoiamagazine.com/paralinks.html
www.pharo.com/home.asp
www.humanunderground.com/echelon.html
www.freedomdomain.com/illumin.html
~One of the issues of great concern today in many religious or authoritarian
groups is the process of Mind Control. The mind is incredibly powerful and
incredibly complex. It has the ability to embrace our own lives and life
itself. Research in Japan has documented that often, the brains of geniuses
are larger in size than the average individual. Of particular note, is that
the brains of those considered ruthless criminal master-minds, were that way
as well. Genius may come in many forms, and used for what the public may
consider good, as well as dubious purposes. There is no doubt that powerful
minds have been used to do great things for humanity, but they have also been
used to control, harm, manipulate and deceive. Sometimes it is our own mind,
that seems to manipulate us. The power of suggestion and of illusion have been
known for millenia. There is growing evidence, that many techniques of mental
suggestion, and manipulation are employed by unscrupulous groups to control
their membership.
~I am not trained in psychology and feel unqualified to address this issue in
detail, especially considering that there is still not unified consensus from
what I understand, even in the field of psychology itself. What I have read on
the subject, though, is startling and provoking. Those who believe that Mind
Control exists, and is employed to a dangerous degree in certain Destructive
Cults, make a convincing case. Based on my own experiences as a former cult
member, I can only testify that the qualities proposed as elements of the Mind
Control theory, exist. I have witnessed them in force, and observed firsthand
the loss of critical thought, that many cultists experience to differing
levels. To what extent these processes effected me I am uncertain, but I
recognize that the great majority of these tactics were used and implemented
forcefully. I now realize why many of these things were done in the Moonies,
and we should investigate them, be aware of them, and warn others about them.
~With this approach in mind, I will introduce briefly an outline of the
various elements associated with what is called Mind Control and include links
to articles from the experts. In fairness, I will also include links to
articles critical of the theory of Mind Control. Of concern to many religions
(even mainstream) is the threat they feel exists to freedom of religion by
establishing the Mind Control theory, as an accepted model within psychology.
While I understand the neccessity of protecting our religious freedoms, it is
equally vital (if not more so) that our individual liberties are not violated.
And so I hope that the community of professionals in the field of psychology
will come to consensus on this critical issue. If Mind Control exists, and
there is strong evidence that it does, than people are being robbed of the
greatest freedom that we can hope to possess. Freedom of mind.
www.geocities.com/craigmaxim/mindcontrol.html
www.healingproducts.com/mind.htm
groups is the process of Mind Control. The mind is incredibly powerful and
incredibly complex. It has the ability to embrace our own lives and life
itself. Research in Japan has documented that often, the brains of geniuses
are larger in size than the average individual. Of particular note, is that
the brains of those considered ruthless criminal master-minds, were that way
as well. Genius may come in many forms, and used for what the public may
consider good, as well as dubious purposes. There is no doubt that powerful
minds have been used to do great things for humanity, but they have also been
used to control, harm, manipulate and deceive. Sometimes it is our own mind,
that seems to manipulate us. The power of suggestion and of illusion have been
known for millenia. There is growing evidence, that many techniques of mental
suggestion, and manipulation are employed by unscrupulous groups to control
their membership.
~I am not trained in psychology and feel unqualified to address this issue in
detail, especially considering that there is still not unified consensus from
what I understand, even in the field of psychology itself. What I have read on
the subject, though, is startling and provoking. Those who believe that Mind
Control exists, and is employed to a dangerous degree in certain Destructive
Cults, make a convincing case. Based on my own experiences as a former cult
member, I can only testify that the qualities proposed as elements of the Mind
Control theory, exist. I have witnessed them in force, and observed firsthand
the loss of critical thought, that many cultists experience to differing
levels. To what extent these processes effected me I am uncertain, but I
recognize that the great majority of these tactics were used and implemented
forcefully. I now realize why many of these things were done in the Moonies,
and we should investigate them, be aware of them, and warn others about them.
~With this approach in mind, I will introduce briefly an outline of the
various elements associated with what is called Mind Control and include links
to articles from the experts. In fairness, I will also include links to
articles critical of the theory of Mind Control. Of concern to many religions
(even mainstream) is the threat they feel exists to freedom of religion by
establishing the Mind Control theory, as an accepted model within psychology.
While I understand the neccessity of protecting our religious freedoms, it is
equally vital (if not more so) that our individual liberties are not violated.
And so I hope that the community of professionals in the field of psychology
will come to consensus on this critical issue. If Mind Control exists, and
there is strong evidence that it does, than people are being robbed of the
greatest freedom that we can hope to possess. Freedom of mind.
www.geocities.com/craigmaxim/mindcontrol.html
www.healingproducts.com/mind.htm
• Re: --------------------AQUANET------------------ IP: *.cable.mindspring.com
Gość: AAA 02.11.03, 01:58 zarchiwizowany
www.japantoday.com/e/?content=news&cat=7&id=277531
Solar flare hampers aircraft communication in South Pacific
Friday, October 31, 2003 at 16:09 JST
SYDNEY — Auckland air traffic controllers lost contact with aircraft across
the South Pacific after a solar flare caused a massive electromagnetic surge,
the New Zealand Herald reported Friday.
The surge disrupted calls from the mid-Tasman Sea east to Samoa and south to
Antarctica on Thursday, Airways Corporation spokesman Ken Mitchell told the
newspaper. (Kyodo News)
Japan Today Discussion
Abstain from venegar during solar flare
mongander (Nov 1 2003 - 09:53)
Polish scientists have learned that
solar storms send sub-atomic particles which bore microscopic
holes in the teeth of humans. These holes heal quickly but ingestion of
venegar during this critical period will cause permanent erosion.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Solar flare hampers aircraft communication in South Pacific
Friday, October 31, 2003 at 16:09 JST
SYDNEY — Auckland air traffic controllers lost contact with aircraft across
the South Pacific after a solar flare caused a massive electromagnetic surge,
the New Zealand Herald reported Friday.
The surge disrupted calls from the mid-Tasman Sea east to Samoa and south to
Antarctica on Thursday, Airways Corporation spokesman Ken Mitchell told the
newspaper. (Kyodo News)
Japan Today Discussion
Abstain from venegar during solar flare
mongander (Nov 1 2003 - 09:53)
Polish scientists have learned that
solar storms send sub-atomic particles which bore microscopic
holes in the teeth of humans. These holes heal quickly but ingestion of
venegar during this critical period will cause permanent erosion.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Computing Science
at the School of Computer Science and Engineering!
Number of employees
(in full-time jobs)
81, of whom researchers:
- PhDs: 30
- PhD students: 28
PhD degrees awarded
1996-2001
25
Annual turnover 2001
USD 4.8m
Look at the homepage for Computing Science
Visiting address
Eklandagatan 86
Phone +46 31 772 10 84
Fax +46 31 16 56 55
www.chalmers.se/researchprofile/cs.html
Modern society relies increasingly on computers and software. Not only
economic and administrative systems are computerized, but also patient records,
traffic control systems, nuclear power stations and much else. Even consumer
goods such as washing machines and cars contain increasing numbers of
computers. These 'invisible' computers are known as embedded systems.
Furthermore, they can be interconnected with each other and, directly or
indirectly, with a stationary network, leading to a heterogeneous communication
system.
Many of our graduates end up working on the design and implementation of these
systems. The rapid development of the technology imposes huge demands on the
methods and tools that are used to develop software, hardware, embedded and
communication systems. One major role of computing science is to develop
methods that allow us to produce efficient, reliable, user-friendly systems at
a reasonable cost, despite the ever-increasing complexity of industrial
systems. Our research spans every aspect of the design process; specification
of the problem, effective algorithms and programming methodology, proof of
correctness and human factors.
Research profile
Research in computer science has an impact upon a wide range of applications
within the IT sector, from communication systems to automation and process
control. Both theoretic and applied research is carried out in the department,
covering a broad range of fields within computer science. The research groups
and their main research activities at the department are:
Algorithms: Advanced algorithm design, specializing in discrete optimization,
artificial intelligence, machine learning, data mining, bioinformatics.
Cognition Technology: Human-computer interaction, specializing in cognitive
aspects of software systems and information visualization.
Computing Systems: Developing distributed architectures for reliable computing,
complex flexible manufacturing systems.
Concurrency: Research on calculi for broadcasting; coordination languages.
Distributed Computing and Systems: Distributed protocols for synchronization in
multiprocessor and real-time systems, resource allocation in communication
systems emphasizing on efficiency, scalability and fault-tolerance; animation,
monitoring and evaluation of distributed protocols.
Formal Methods: Theories, methods and tools for the design and verification of
software and hardware, with the emphasis on industrial applications. Automatic
theorem proving.
Functional Programming: Compilers, software libraries and methods for writing
software in functional languages, which are simple yet expressive programming
languages. New application areas such as the development of radar signal
processing software.
Language Technology: Study of the borderline between natural and formal
languages.
Programming Logic: The theory underlying a programming methodology based on
formal specifications. Methods and tools to support the development of provably
correct programs.
ProSec (Programming Language Based Methods for Security): Exploiting
programming language technology to protect computer systems from unauthorized
access.
Keywords
Concurrency and coordination, communication protocols, distributed computing
systems, efficient algorithms, formal methods, functional programming
languages, specification languages, programming logic, programming methodology,
real-time protocols, security, theorem proving
at the School of Computer Science and Engineering!
Number of employees
(in full-time jobs)
81, of whom researchers:
- PhDs: 30
- PhD students: 28
PhD degrees awarded
1996-2001
25
Annual turnover 2001
USD 4.8m
Look at the homepage for Computing Science
Visiting address
Eklandagatan 86
Phone +46 31 772 10 84
Fax +46 31 16 56 55
www.chalmers.se/researchprofile/cs.html
Modern society relies increasingly on computers and software. Not only
economic and administrative systems are computerized, but also patient records,
traffic control systems, nuclear power stations and much else. Even consumer
goods such as washing machines and cars contain increasing numbers of
computers. These 'invisible' computers are known as embedded systems.
Furthermore, they can be interconnected with each other and, directly or
indirectly, with a stationary network, leading to a heterogeneous communication
system.
Many of our graduates end up working on the design and implementation of these
systems. The rapid development of the technology imposes huge demands on the
methods and tools that are used to develop software, hardware, embedded and
communication systems. One major role of computing science is to develop
methods that allow us to produce efficient, reliable, user-friendly systems at
a reasonable cost, despite the ever-increasing complexity of industrial
systems. Our research spans every aspect of the design process; specification
of the problem, effective algorithms and programming methodology, proof of
correctness and human factors.
Research profile
Research in computer science has an impact upon a wide range of applications
within the IT sector, from communication systems to automation and process
control. Both theoretic and applied research is carried out in the department,
covering a broad range of fields within computer science. The research groups
and their main research activities at the department are:
Algorithms: Advanced algorithm design, specializing in discrete optimization,
artificial intelligence, machine learning, data mining, bioinformatics.
Cognition Technology: Human-computer interaction, specializing in cognitive
aspects of software systems and information visualization.
Computing Systems: Developing distributed architectures for reliable computing,
complex flexible manufacturing systems.
Concurrency: Research on calculi for broadcasting; coordination languages.
Distributed Computing and Systems: Distributed protocols for synchronization in
multiprocessor and real-time systems, resource allocation in communication
systems emphasizing on efficiency, scalability and fault-tolerance; animation,
monitoring and evaluation of distributed protocols.
Formal Methods: Theories, methods and tools for the design and verification of
software and hardware, with the emphasis on industrial applications. Automatic
theorem proving.
Functional Programming: Compilers, software libraries and methods for writing
software in functional languages, which are simple yet expressive programming
languages. New application areas such as the development of radar signal
processing software.
Language Technology: Study of the borderline between natural and formal
languages.
Programming Logic: The theory underlying a programming methodology based on
formal specifications. Methods and tools to support the development of provably
correct programs.
ProSec (Programming Language Based Methods for Security): Exploiting
programming language technology to protect computer systems from unauthorized
access.
Keywords
Concurrency and coordination, communication protocols, distributed computing
systems, efficient algorithms, formal methods, functional programming
languages, specification languages, programming logic, programming methodology,
real-time protocols, security, theorem proving
www.tourism.egnet.net/culture/images/3g166.jpg
Egyptian Museum
Akhnaton and family
Zoom in for a larger view (64 K)
Time period : New kingdom, 18th dynasty
Reign of : Aminophis IV
Material : Lime Stone Painted
-----------------------------------------------------
... during the course of its restoration at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, the
fragmented base of the ... religious revolution by declaring no god existed but
Aton, the sun. In restoring the base of ...
www.germany-info.org/relaunch/index.html
February, 2002 - Nr. 2
Munich Returns Pharaoh’s Coffin to Cairo
TWIG - A golden coffin that may have once held the remains of the pharaoh
Akhenaton was shipped from Munich back to Cairo on Friday, its magnificent lid
matched up with a base that had been missing from Egypt since 1931. The two
halves of the coffin were reunited in October and formed the centerpiece of a
three-month exhibit at the State Museum for Egyptian Art in Munich.
When it was first discovered in 1907 in Tomb 55 of the Valley of the Kings, the
coffin was considered a spectacular find. It was immediately identified as one
of the treasures of Amarna, the capital founded by Akhenaton in the 14th
century BC. Sometime during the course of its restoration at the Egyptian
Museum in Cairo, the fragmented base of the coffin went astray. It remained
lost until 1980, when a Swiss art dealer asked Dietrich Wildung, then director
of the Munich museum, to identify what looked like a few scraps of gold foil
inlayed with semiprecious stones and some pieces of rotten wood.
How the coffin came to Europe is still a mystery. So is the true identity of
the mummy it once contained. Some Egyptologists believe the mummy found in the
golden coffin may have been that of Akhenaton’s short-lived successor,
Smenkhkare. But Wildung, now at the Egyptian Museum in Berlin, is certain the
coffin was built for Akhenaton himself, the ruler who launched a religious
revolution by declaring no god existed but Aton, the sun. In restoring the base
of the coffin, he says, specialists found an inscription bearing an emblem only
used for the "heretic" pharaoh.
Munich art historians spent almost three years reconstructing the coffin base
with the help of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, as Bavarian officials negotiated
its return in exchange for a permanent loan of other works from the museum’s
collection. A change of guard at the Cairo museum and the shifting political
climate in Egypt delayed the process until May 2001, when Bavarian governor
Edmund Stoiber announced the coffin would be returned unconditionally. In
response, the Egyptian Museum loaned the lid to Munich for its special
exhibit, "The Mystery of the Golden Coffin." A spectacular success, the show
closed January 20 after attracting more than 40,000 visitors.
( Echo Germanica, German-Canadian
www.moses-egypt.net/MOSES_1A.asp#BESKRIVELSE
SLN
Egyptian Museum
Akhnaton and family
Zoom in for a larger view (64 K)
Time period : New kingdom, 18th dynasty
Reign of : Aminophis IV
Material : Lime Stone Painted
-----------------------------------------------------
... during the course of its restoration at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, the
fragmented base of the ... religious revolution by declaring no god existed but
Aton, the sun. In restoring the base of ...
www.germany-info.org/relaunch/index.html
February, 2002 - Nr. 2
Munich Returns Pharaoh’s Coffin to Cairo
TWIG - A golden coffin that may have once held the remains of the pharaoh
Akhenaton was shipped from Munich back to Cairo on Friday, its magnificent lid
matched up with a base that had been missing from Egypt since 1931. The two
halves of the coffin were reunited in October and formed the centerpiece of a
three-month exhibit at the State Museum for Egyptian Art in Munich.
When it was first discovered in 1907 in Tomb 55 of the Valley of the Kings, the
coffin was considered a spectacular find. It was immediately identified as one
of the treasures of Amarna, the capital founded by Akhenaton in the 14th
century BC. Sometime during the course of its restoration at the Egyptian
Museum in Cairo, the fragmented base of the coffin went astray. It remained
lost until 1980, when a Swiss art dealer asked Dietrich Wildung, then director
of the Munich museum, to identify what looked like a few scraps of gold foil
inlayed with semiprecious stones and some pieces of rotten wood.
How the coffin came to Europe is still a mystery. So is the true identity of
the mummy it once contained. Some Egyptologists believe the mummy found in the
golden coffin may have been that of Akhenaton’s short-lived successor,
Smenkhkare. But Wildung, now at the Egyptian Museum in Berlin, is certain the
coffin was built for Akhenaton himself, the ruler who launched a religious
revolution by declaring no god existed but Aton, the sun. In restoring the base
of the coffin, he says, specialists found an inscription bearing an emblem only
used for the "heretic" pharaoh.
Munich art historians spent almost three years reconstructing the coffin base
with the help of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, as Bavarian officials negotiated
its return in exchange for a permanent loan of other works from the museum’s
collection. A change of guard at the Cairo museum and the shifting political
climate in Egypt delayed the process until May 2001, when Bavarian governor
Edmund Stoiber announced the coffin would be returned unconditionally. In
response, the Egyptian Museum loaned the lid to Munich for its special
exhibit, "The Mystery of the Golden Coffin." A spectacular success, the show
closed January 20 after attracting more than 40,000 visitors.
( Echo Germanica, German-Canadian
www.moses-egypt.net/MOSES_1A.asp#BESKRIVELSE
SLN
solar.nro.nao.ac.jp/norh/html/event/
A•ton
Pronunciation: (ät'n), [key]
—n. Egyptian Religion.
a solar deity declared by Amenhotep IV to be the only god, represented as a
solar disk with rays ending in human hands. Also,Aten.
ZUNinf
A•ton
Pronunciation: (ät'n), [key]
—n. Egyptian Religion.
a solar deity declared by Amenhotep IV to be the only god, represented as a
solar disk with rays ending in human hands. Also,Aten.
ZUNinf
newchurch.newearth.org/
What is the New Jerusalem?
The city of Jerusalem has a special meaning for Jews, Christians and Muslims.
This place has always been a symbol of God's presence on earth. From the
history of the Jewish people and the prophecies of the Bible, Jerusalem has
become a symbol of our inner destiny, and a state of spiritual peace which may
feel like a long-lost home. ( Isaiah 43:5-7; Jeremiah 31)
The New Jerusalem is a symbolic image found in the Christian Bible, in the
Book of Revelation, Chapter 21. Here the city New Jerusalem is described as a
place of peace and happiness, the goal both of human history and of individual
human life.
Many people have interpreted the prophecy of the New Jerusalem as a literal,
historic event. Others have seen that this story contains a deeper meaning,
that it represents the spiritual peace and happiness that God wants to give
each of us.
Emanuel Swedenborg described this spiritual meaning of the New Jerusalem in
his theological writings.
In those writings many people see God's hand at work, and find in them a
promise of happiness and peace that will come, not as a literal "end of the
world," but as a new presence of God in the hearts and minds and lives of all
people. This New Jerusalem, is a new spiritual era in which God works and re-
creates the world, not through dramatic intervention, but through our free
choices and rational thinking. Some readers of Swedenborg have formed
organizations known as the Swedenborgian or New Church.
____________________________________________________________________
SWEDENbORGIANs
What is the New Jerusalem?
The city of Jerusalem has a special meaning for Jews, Christians and Muslims.
This place has always been a symbol of God's presence on earth. From the
history of the Jewish people and the prophecies of the Bible, Jerusalem has
become a symbol of our inner destiny, and a state of spiritual peace which may
feel like a long-lost home. ( Isaiah 43:5-7; Jeremiah 31)
The New Jerusalem is a symbolic image found in the Christian Bible, in the
Book of Revelation, Chapter 21. Here the city New Jerusalem is described as a
place of peace and happiness, the goal both of human history and of individual
human life.
Many people have interpreted the prophecy of the New Jerusalem as a literal,
historic event. Others have seen that this story contains a deeper meaning,
that it represents the spiritual peace and happiness that God wants to give
each of us.
Emanuel Swedenborg described this spiritual meaning of the New Jerusalem in
his theological writings.
In those writings many people see God's hand at work, and find in them a
promise of happiness and peace that will come, not as a literal "end of the
world," but as a new presence of God in the hearts and minds and lives of all
people. This New Jerusalem, is a new spiritual era in which God works and re-
creates the world, not through dramatic intervention, but through our free
choices and rational thinking. Some readers of Swedenborg have formed
organizations known as the Swedenborgian or New Church.
____________________________________________________________________
SWEDENbORGIANs
www.schanzer-photoclub.de/Galerie/Photogalerie/photogalerie.html
Schanzer Photoclub e.V.
Adam Weishaupt
Adam Weishaupt, 1748-1811, founder of the Order of the Illuminati.
Weishaupt was born and raised in Ingolstadt, where he studied law and attained
the rank of Professor of Canon Law in 1772. Though educated by Jesuits and for
a time a member of their order, he broke with them and became increasingly
liberal in his religious and political views, favoring deism and
republicanism. His interests were widespread, including an early fascination
with aeronautics.
With the help of, and occasional fiction with, Bron von Knigge, Weishaupt in
1776 formed the Order of Perfectibilists, which later became known as the
Illuminati. Although the Order was founded to provide an opportunity for the
free exchange of ideas, Weishaupt's background as a Jesuit seems to have
influenced the actual characer of the society, which was determined by an
elaborate network of spies and counter-spies.
A year after the society was banned by Bavaria's government in 1784, Weishaupt
lost his position at the University of Ingolstadt and fled Bavaria. He
received the assistance of Duke Ernest of Gotha, and during the next quarter
century lived in Gotha writing a series of works on Illuminism, including A
Complete History of the Persecutions of the Illuminati in Bavaria (1785), A
Picture of Illuminism (1786), An Apology for the Illuminati (1786), and An
Improved System of Illuminism (1787). He died there in 1811.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
www.english.upenn.edu/~jlynch/Frank/People/weishaup.html
www.english.upenn.edu/~jlynch/Frank/Contexts/illumin.html
Schanzer Photoclub e.V.
Adam Weishaupt
Adam Weishaupt, 1748-1811, founder of the Order of the Illuminati.
Weishaupt was born and raised in Ingolstadt, where he studied law and attained
the rank of Professor of Canon Law in 1772. Though educated by Jesuits and for
a time a member of their order, he broke with them and became increasingly
liberal in his religious and political views, favoring deism and
republicanism. His interests were widespread, including an early fascination
with aeronautics.
With the help of, and occasional fiction with, Bron von Knigge, Weishaupt in
1776 formed the Order of Perfectibilists, which later became known as the
Illuminati. Although the Order was founded to provide an opportunity for the
free exchange of ideas, Weishaupt's background as a Jesuit seems to have
influenced the actual characer of the society, which was determined by an
elaborate network of spies and counter-spies.
A year after the society was banned by Bavaria's government in 1784, Weishaupt
lost his position at the University of Ingolstadt and fled Bavaria. He
received the assistance of Duke Ernest of Gotha, and during the next quarter
century lived in Gotha writing a series of works on Illuminism, including A
Complete History of the Persecutions of the Illuminati in Bavaria (1785), A
Picture of Illuminism (1786), An Apology for the Illuminati (1786), and An
Improved System of Illuminism (1787). He died there in 1811.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
www.english.upenn.edu/~jlynch/Frank/People/weishaup.html
www.english.upenn.edu/~jlynch/Frank/Contexts/illumin.html
www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/031103/usnews/3anti.b.htm
Cover Story 11/3/03
Graffiti On History's Walls
By Mortimer B. Zuckerman
All the isms," an English wag once said, "are wasms." Well, not quite. In the
20th century, fascism came and went. Communism came and went. Socialism came
and waned. But today several virulent "isms" inhabit the world still. Among
the most pernicious are an atavistic anti-Semitism and its 20th-century
version, anti-Zionism. These "isms" are graffiti on the wall of history,
emblems of a poison still potent and raw, evidenced, most recently, by the
remarks of Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, who said, "Today the
Jews rule this world by proxy. They get others to fight and die for them."
Mahathir's words were widely condemned. But such comments obscure a deeper
truth about this new strain of anti-Semitism, which is not that it is directed
at individual Jews or even at Judaism itself. It is directed, rather, against
the Jewish collective, the modern State of Israel.
Just as historic anti-Semitism has denied individual Jews the right to live as
equal members of society, anti-Zionism would deny the collective expression of
the Jewish people, the State of Israel, the right to live as an equal member
of the family of nations. Israel's policies are thus subjected to criticism
that causes it to be singled out when others in similar circumstances escape
any criticism at all. Surely if any other country were bleeding from terrorism
as Israel is today, there would be no question of its right to defend itself.
But Israel's efforts merely to protect its own citizens are routinely
portrayed as aggression.
To complain that such portrayals are unfair and illogical is not to dismiss
all criticism of the Israeli government as anti-Semitic. A democracy must
welcome critics, and Israel surely has its critics in spades--just look at the
spirited Israeli press. "Jews," as one commentator put it, "are gold medalists
in the art of self-criticism." But for many, recent criticism of Israel has
become so perverse, so persistent, so divorced from reality that it can be
seen only as emotional anti-Semitism hiding behind the insidious political
mask of anti-Zionism.
The new anti-Semitism transcends boundaries, nationalities, politics, and
social systems. Israel has become the object of envy and resentment in much
the same way that the individual Jew was once the object of envy and
resentment. Israel, in effect, is emerging as the collective Jew among
nations. After more than half a century of Holocaust education, hundreds of
courses in high schools and colleges, and thousands of books dedicated to
exposing its evils, traditional anti-Semitism as a domestic issue had all but
disappeared in much of the world. "The Jewish problem" was no longer defined
by what happened to the Jews of Germany or France or Poland or Russia.
Instead, in Europe and the Muslim world--even in Asia--traditional anti-
Semitism has lately re-emerged as anti-Zionism, focused on the Jews of Israel,
the role of Israel, and, for some, on Jews in the United States who support
Israel.
This phenomenon has its origins in the 1967 Arab-Israeli war. Since then, the
image of the Jew has been transformed. Shylock, suddenly, has been replaced by
a new Jew, cartooned as an aggressive, all-powerful collective called
Israel. "Rambo Jew," as the writer Daniel Goldhagen put it, "has largely
supplanted Shylock in the anti-Semitic imagination." With the territories
seized at the end of the war, the "plucky little Jewish state" was no more. In
the years since, as it responded again and again to Arab attacks, sympathy for
Israel eroded further still as the world's TVs broadcast images not of
terrorists but of armed Israelis responding to terrorism. Only somehow the
word "responding" too often got lost in the chaos. The TV pictures seemed to
imply that the Israelis were guilty of a disproportionate use of force, for
they were rarely accompanied by an understanding that a country with just 6
million in a sea of over 120 million Arabs could never fight a war of equal
attrition.
NEXT
www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/031103/usnews/3anti_2.htm
www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/031103/usnews/3anti_3.htm
www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/031103/usnews/3anti_4.htm
www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/031103/usnews/3anti_5.htm
www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/031103/usnews/3anti_6.htm
www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/031103/usnews/3anti_7.htm
Graffiti On History's Walls (Page 8 of 8)
Quite the contrary, the spiraling Palestinian violence evidences a single-
minded determination to continue the conflict. The insight of Amos Oz, the
liberal Israeli writer, is pertinent. He is haunted, he said, by the
observation that before the Holocaust, European graffiti read, "Jews to
Palestine," while today it has been changed, to "Jews out of Palestine." The
message to Jews, Oz says, is simple: "Don't be here, and don't be there. That
is, don't be."
Cover Story 11/3/03
Graffiti On History's Walls
By Mortimer B. Zuckerman
All the isms," an English wag once said, "are wasms." Well, not quite. In the
20th century, fascism came and went. Communism came and went. Socialism came
and waned. But today several virulent "isms" inhabit the world still. Among
the most pernicious are an atavistic anti-Semitism and its 20th-century
version, anti-Zionism. These "isms" are graffiti on the wall of history,
emblems of a poison still potent and raw, evidenced, most recently, by the
remarks of Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, who said, "Today the
Jews rule this world by proxy. They get others to fight and die for them."
Mahathir's words were widely condemned. But such comments obscure a deeper
truth about this new strain of anti-Semitism, which is not that it is directed
at individual Jews or even at Judaism itself. It is directed, rather, against
the Jewish collective, the modern State of Israel.
Just as historic anti-Semitism has denied individual Jews the right to live as
equal members of society, anti-Zionism would deny the collective expression of
the Jewish people, the State of Israel, the right to live as an equal member
of the family of nations. Israel's policies are thus subjected to criticism
that causes it to be singled out when others in similar circumstances escape
any criticism at all. Surely if any other country were bleeding from terrorism
as Israel is today, there would be no question of its right to defend itself.
But Israel's efforts merely to protect its own citizens are routinely
portrayed as aggression.
To complain that such portrayals are unfair and illogical is not to dismiss
all criticism of the Israeli government as anti-Semitic. A democracy must
welcome critics, and Israel surely has its critics in spades--just look at the
spirited Israeli press. "Jews," as one commentator put it, "are gold medalists
in the art of self-criticism." But for many, recent criticism of Israel has
become so perverse, so persistent, so divorced from reality that it can be
seen only as emotional anti-Semitism hiding behind the insidious political
mask of anti-Zionism.
The new anti-Semitism transcends boundaries, nationalities, politics, and
social systems. Israel has become the object of envy and resentment in much
the same way that the individual Jew was once the object of envy and
resentment. Israel, in effect, is emerging as the collective Jew among
nations. After more than half a century of Holocaust education, hundreds of
courses in high schools and colleges, and thousands of books dedicated to
exposing its evils, traditional anti-Semitism as a domestic issue had all but
disappeared in much of the world. "The Jewish problem" was no longer defined
by what happened to the Jews of Germany or France or Poland or Russia.
Instead, in Europe and the Muslim world--even in Asia--traditional anti-
Semitism has lately re-emerged as anti-Zionism, focused on the Jews of Israel,
the role of Israel, and, for some, on Jews in the United States who support
Israel.
This phenomenon has its origins in the 1967 Arab-Israeli war. Since then, the
image of the Jew has been transformed. Shylock, suddenly, has been replaced by
a new Jew, cartooned as an aggressive, all-powerful collective called
Israel. "Rambo Jew," as the writer Daniel Goldhagen put it, "has largely
supplanted Shylock in the anti-Semitic imagination." With the territories
seized at the end of the war, the "plucky little Jewish state" was no more. In
the years since, as it responded again and again to Arab attacks, sympathy for
Israel eroded further still as the world's TVs broadcast images not of
terrorists but of armed Israelis responding to terrorism. Only somehow the
word "responding" too often got lost in the chaos. The TV pictures seemed to
imply that the Israelis were guilty of a disproportionate use of force, for
they were rarely accompanied by an understanding that a country with just 6
million in a sea of over 120 million Arabs could never fight a war of equal
attrition.
NEXT
www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/031103/usnews/3anti_2.htm
www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/031103/usnews/3anti_3.htm
www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/031103/usnews/3anti_4.htm
www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/031103/usnews/3anti_5.htm
www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/031103/usnews/3anti_6.htm
www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/031103/usnews/3anti_7.htm
Graffiti On History's Walls (Page 8 of 8)
Quite the contrary, the spiraling Palestinian violence evidences a single-
minded determination to continue the conflict. The insight of Amos Oz, the
liberal Israeli writer, is pertinent. He is haunted, he said, by the
observation that before the Holocaust, European graffiti read, "Jews to
Palestine," while today it has been changed, to "Jews out of Palestine." The
message to Jews, Oz says, is simple: "Don't be here, and don't be there. That
is, don't be."
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
• Re: Mr. Gerald MacO'Donnells mind control ..!!! IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se
Gość: * 29.10.03, 01:02 zarchiwizowany
Imagine how the quality of your life will improve with the benefits and
abilities of Remote Viewing and Remote Influencing...
Health
You can use Remote Viewing to sense health problems and then take corrective
action — with Remote Influencing — to correct and restore the health for
yourself and others.
With Remote Influencing, you help complementing the doctor's efforts by
working from the inside of your subconscious mind and you can powerfully think
yourself and others healthy! You can even reshape your body image and easily
attain by mind power alone your perfect and desirable weight and shape. Since
all your body cells are replenished and recreated every 7 years (20 days for
your skin) you can influence you morphogenic fields to recreate better,
younger, and more pleasant body structures and skin complexion. Do not forget
that your body is the temple for your spirit and that keeping it vibrant,
healthy, energized and young-looking is essential and a living proof of
successful mind/consciousness expansion!
Relationships
Remote view your relationships and foresee potential problems before they
develop. You then see the other person's real desires and needs, sense
barrier, and this allow you to respond appropriately. You then know the best
way to improve your love life and relationships. Use Remote Influencing to
magnetically attract a partner or perfect soul mate, improve your love life,
and create happiness. Remote Influencing allows you to connect to that person
on a deeper level and help bring about permanent changes that will establish
deep rapport, and then be able to intensely take pleasure in your relationship
for the mutual joy and benefit of both. Remote view your children to see what
they are doing, and then remote influence them BEFORE someone else influences
them - the wrong way!
Career and Business: Get the Job and financial security
Remote View a better job, then use remote influencing to get hired. Remote
influence a promotion or raise. Remote view the job interview before being
interviewed and know beforehand the needs and wants of the company, then use
Remote Influencing to establish rapport and convince them that you are the
employee that they need. Remote view to start your most successful new own
business. Remote influence for more customers and increasing sales. Remote
influence your employee's performance...
Use Remote Viewing to detect the information that will help you solve
problems, then use Remote Influencing to implement your ideas and influence
others that you have the answers.
Investments
Remote view the most appropriate and safest investment vehicles that will
keep you financial assets safe and growing through these troubled times.
Timing is essential in all investment decisions, and you will Remote View the
right moment to enter and/or exit an investment vehicle and "know" when to
switch to another one.
Remote influence the success of your financial investment prosperity so that
past bad anxiety-causing experience do not create again the exact fear of lack
that caused the prior losses to start with. Get the "inner knowing" that, no
matter what, you will be just fine and protected on many levels.
Transform Your Personal Development
With Remote Viewing and Remote Influencing you will: Become fearless -
Increase Energy - Enhance Self-Esteem - Reduce Stress - Lose Weight - Think
Yourself Healthy - Find Love - Improve Your Love Life - Negotiate What You
Want - Become A Success - Create Happiness...
With our Remote Viewing and Remote Influencing courses, the conditions in
your life will improve. You will become happier, healthier, luckier, and more
successful in all that you do. Learn the remarkable new technologies of
Remote Viewing and Remote Influencing in our courses, and get ready to unlock
your mind's true potential!
The Academy of Remote Viewing has many thousands of satisfied trainees
throughout almost every single country in the world. We are a well-established
(1996) and on-going institute that provides on-line & telecommunication
training and support to our students that continues indefinitely after the
purchase of our course.
If you don't want to have a better life, then these courses are not for you.
But if you do, order now! What are you waiting for?
-----------------------------------------------------
What are you waiting for?
See our introduction to the new quantum-leaping freed human of the 21st
Century.
abilities of Remote Viewing and Remote Influencing...
Health
You can use Remote Viewing to sense health problems and then take corrective
action — with Remote Influencing — to correct and restore the health for
yourself and others.
With Remote Influencing, you help complementing the doctor's efforts by
working from the inside of your subconscious mind and you can powerfully think
yourself and others healthy! You can even reshape your body image and easily
attain by mind power alone your perfect and desirable weight and shape. Since
all your body cells are replenished and recreated every 7 years (20 days for
your skin) you can influence you morphogenic fields to recreate better,
younger, and more pleasant body structures and skin complexion. Do not forget
that your body is the temple for your spirit and that keeping it vibrant,
healthy, energized and young-looking is essential and a living proof of
successful mind/consciousness expansion!
Relationships
Remote view your relationships and foresee potential problems before they
develop. You then see the other person's real desires and needs, sense
barrier, and this allow you to respond appropriately. You then know the best
way to improve your love life and relationships. Use Remote Influencing to
magnetically attract a partner or perfect soul mate, improve your love life,
and create happiness. Remote Influencing allows you to connect to that person
on a deeper level and help bring about permanent changes that will establish
deep rapport, and then be able to intensely take pleasure in your relationship
for the mutual joy and benefit of both. Remote view your children to see what
they are doing, and then remote influence them BEFORE someone else influences
them - the wrong way!
Career and Business: Get the Job and financial security
Remote View a better job, then use remote influencing to get hired. Remote
influence a promotion or raise. Remote view the job interview before being
interviewed and know beforehand the needs and wants of the company, then use
Remote Influencing to establish rapport and convince them that you are the
employee that they need. Remote view to start your most successful new own
business. Remote influence for more customers and increasing sales. Remote
influence your employee's performance...
Use Remote Viewing to detect the information that will help you solve
problems, then use Remote Influencing to implement your ideas and influence
others that you have the answers.
Investments
Remote view the most appropriate and safest investment vehicles that will
keep you financial assets safe and growing through these troubled times.
Timing is essential in all investment decisions, and you will Remote View the
right moment to enter and/or exit an investment vehicle and "know" when to
switch to another one.
Remote influence the success of your financial investment prosperity so that
past bad anxiety-causing experience do not create again the exact fear of lack
that caused the prior losses to start with. Get the "inner knowing" that, no
matter what, you will be just fine and protected on many levels.
Transform Your Personal Development
With Remote Viewing and Remote Influencing you will: Become fearless -
Increase Energy - Enhance Self-Esteem - Reduce Stress - Lose Weight - Think
Yourself Healthy - Find Love - Improve Your Love Life - Negotiate What You
Want - Become A Success - Create Happiness...
With our Remote Viewing and Remote Influencing courses, the conditions in
your life will improve. You will become happier, healthier, luckier, and more
successful in all that you do. Learn the remarkable new technologies of
Remote Viewing and Remote Influencing in our courses, and get ready to unlock
your mind's true potential!
The Academy of Remote Viewing has many thousands of satisfied trainees
throughout almost every single country in the world. We are a well-established
(1996) and on-going institute that provides on-line & telecommunication
training and support to our students that continues indefinitely after the
purchase of our course.
If you don't want to have a better life, then these courses are not for you.
But if you do, order now! What are you waiting for?
-----------------------------------------------------
What are you waiting for?
See our introduction to the new quantum-leaping freed human of the 21st
Century.
• Mr. Gerald MacO'Donnells mind control ..!!! IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se
Gość: !*** 28.10.03, 20:59 zarchiwizowany
Don’t be like all these individuals who waste their life worrying about their
future and are conditioned by their past. Erase the scars of your past buried
in your subconscious, easily reprogram your conscious and subconscious mind to
become who you desire to be NOW, and watch your life becoming totally and
effortlessly transformed forever!
The powerful and scientifically proven techniques used for 30 years by US and
foreign intelligence agencies, commonly known as Remote Viewing (Psychic
espionage), and the offshoot Remote Influencing Course (remote thought
influencing) which Mr. Gerald O'Donnell developed, have proven in countless
field experiments that the superpowers of the mind can easily be tapped in
order to make these dreams come true.
Remote Viewing greatly enhances the naturally inborn ability to tap the
subconscious mind in order to become extremely intuitive and aware of places
and events, no matter how distant in time and space they are.
Remote influencing allows you to become a Master at generating your own fate
and future, attract the people and situations you desire, and not be subject
anymore to and enslaved by the general "system" of mass consciousness.
We feel that the combination of these two courses is an explosive revolution
in Human evolution which, if fully applied by many, could radically transform
the make up and future of our societies in ways that would be highly
beneficial to all.
Anybody interested in developing their natural inborn psychic powers, and
experience a quantum jump in consciousness awareness, will greatly benefit
from doing the Courses of the Academy. By becoming more independent in their
thinking, they also learn to manifest a better reality and a brighter future
for themselves and for the benefit of all mankind.
Greatly improve your lives by learning powerful methods helping decrease the
constant daily stress bombardment from our modern life and regain the ability
to make your dreams come true such as getting:
the quality of health you crave for,
the business you always dreamed of,
the career or promotion you seek,
the wealth you want to fulfill their dreams,
Increased odds at choosing and timing the right "investment vehicle", win at
lotteries, and learning how to enhance your "success" at gambling endeavors,
the love, relationships, attention and respect you deserve,
An energy shield protecting you from the malicious attempts at "mind control"
and negative wishes by other beings,
And much more...
www.probablefuture.com/index.htm
future and are conditioned by their past. Erase the scars of your past buried
in your subconscious, easily reprogram your conscious and subconscious mind to
become who you desire to be NOW, and watch your life becoming totally and
effortlessly transformed forever!
The powerful and scientifically proven techniques used for 30 years by US and
foreign intelligence agencies, commonly known as Remote Viewing (Psychic
espionage), and the offshoot Remote Influencing Course (remote thought
influencing) which Mr. Gerald O'Donnell developed, have proven in countless
field experiments that the superpowers of the mind can easily be tapped in
order to make these dreams come true.
Remote Viewing greatly enhances the naturally inborn ability to tap the
subconscious mind in order to become extremely intuitive and aware of places
and events, no matter how distant in time and space they are.
Remote influencing allows you to become a Master at generating your own fate
and future, attract the people and situations you desire, and not be subject
anymore to and enslaved by the general "system" of mass consciousness.
We feel that the combination of these two courses is an explosive revolution
in Human evolution which, if fully applied by many, could radically transform
the make up and future of our societies in ways that would be highly
beneficial to all.
Anybody interested in developing their natural inborn psychic powers, and
experience a quantum jump in consciousness awareness, will greatly benefit
from doing the Courses of the Academy. By becoming more independent in their
thinking, they also learn to manifest a better reality and a brighter future
for themselves and for the benefit of all mankind.
Greatly improve your lives by learning powerful methods helping decrease the
constant daily stress bombardment from our modern life and regain the ability
to make your dreams come true such as getting:
the quality of health you crave for,
the business you always dreamed of,
the career or promotion you seek,
the wealth you want to fulfill their dreams,
Increased odds at choosing and timing the right "investment vehicle", win at
lotteries, and learning how to enhance your "success" at gambling endeavors,
the love, relationships, attention and respect you deserve,
An energy shield protecting you from the malicious attempts at "mind control"
and negative wishes by other beings,
And much more...
www.probablefuture.com/index.htm
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
• Reality is retroactive, retrospective and illusory IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se
Gość: **} 28.10.03, 14:24 zarchiwizowany
As Malignowski concludes 'Reality is retroactive, retrospective and illusory'"
www.quirkynomads.com/nuke/html/article323.html
www.quirkynomads.com/nuke/html/article323.html
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
• ===============2070======================== IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se
Gość: !*} 27.10.03, 21:41 zarchiwizowany
www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2070.html
RFC 2070 - Internationalization of the Hypertext Markup Language
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Network Working Group F. Yergeau
Request for Comments: 2070 Alis Technologies
Category: Standards Track G. Nicol
Electronic Book Technologies
G. Adams
Spyglass
M. Duerst
University of Zurich
January 1997
Internationalization of the Hypertext Markup Language
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Abstract
The Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is a markup language used to
create hypertext documents that are platform independent. Initially,
the application of HTML on the World Wide Web was seriously
restricted by its reliance on the ISO-8859-1 coded character set,
which is appropriate only for Western European languages. Despite
this restriction, HTML has been widely used with other languages,
using other coded character sets or character encodings, at the
expense of interoperability.
This document is meant to address the issue of the
internationalization (i18n, i followed by 18 letters followed by n)
of HTML by extending the specification of HTML and giving additional
recommendations for proper internationalization support. A foremost
consideration is to make sure that HTML remains a valid application
of SGML, while enabling its use with all languages of the world.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction .................................................. 2
1.1. Scope ...................................................... 2
1.2. Conformance ................................................ 3
2. The document character set ..................................... 4
2.1. Reference processing model ................................. 4
2.2. The document character set ................................. 6
2.3. Undisplayable characters ................................... 8
3. The LANG attribute.............................................. 8
4. Additional entities, attributes and elements ................... 9
4.1. Full Latin-1 entity set .................................... 9
4.2. Markup for language-dependent presentation ................ 10
5. Forms ..........................................................16
5.1. DTD additions ..............................................16
5.2. Form submission ............................................17
6. External character encoding issues .............................18
7. HTML public text ...............................................20
7.1. HTML DTD ...................................................20
7.2. SGML declaration for HTML ..................................35
7.3. ISO Latin 1 character entity set ...........................37
8. Security Considerations.........................................40
Bibliography ......................................................40
Authors' Addresses
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
In the DTD, the LANG and DIR attributes are grouped together in a
parameter entity called attrs. To parallel RFC 1942 [RFC1942], the
ID and CLASS attributes are also included in attrs. The ID and CLASS
attributes are required for use with style sheets, and RFC 1942
defines them as follows:
ID Used to define a document-wide identifier. This can be used
for naming positions within documents as the destination of a
hypertext link. It may also be used by style sheets for
rendering an element in a unique style. An ID attribute value is
an SGML NAME token. NAME tokens are formed by an initial
letter followed by letters, digits, "-" and "." characters. The
letters are restricted to A-Z and a-z.
CLASS A space separated list of SGML NAME tokens. CLASS names
specify that the element belongs to the corresponding named
classes. It allows authors to distinguish different roles
played by the same tag. The classes may be used by style
sheets to provide different renderings as appropriate to
these roles.
RFC 2070 - Internationalization of the Hypertext Markup Language
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Network Working Group F. Yergeau
Request for Comments: 2070 Alis Technologies
Category: Standards Track G. Nicol
Electronic Book Technologies
G. Adams
Spyglass
M. Duerst
University of Zurich
January 1997
Internationalization of the Hypertext Markup Language
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Abstract
The Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is a markup language used to
create hypertext documents that are platform independent. Initially,
the application of HTML on the World Wide Web was seriously
restricted by its reliance on the ISO-8859-1 coded character set,
which is appropriate only for Western European languages. Despite
this restriction, HTML has been widely used with other languages,
using other coded character sets or character encodings, at the
expense of interoperability.
This document is meant to address the issue of the
internationalization (i18n, i followed by 18 letters followed by n)
of HTML by extending the specification of HTML and giving additional
recommendations for proper internationalization support. A foremost
consideration is to make sure that HTML remains a valid application
of SGML, while enabling its use with all languages of the world.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction .................................................. 2
1.1. Scope ...................................................... 2
1.2. Conformance ................................................ 3
2. The document character set ..................................... 4
2.1. Reference processing model ................................. 4
2.2. The document character set ................................. 6
2.3. Undisplayable characters ................................... 8
3. The LANG attribute.............................................. 8
4. Additional entities, attributes and elements ................... 9
4.1. Full Latin-1 entity set .................................... 9
4.2. Markup for language-dependent presentation ................ 10
5. Forms ..........................................................16
5.1. DTD additions ..............................................16
5.2. Form submission ............................................17
6. External character encoding issues .............................18
7. HTML public text ...............................................20
7.1. HTML DTD ...................................................20
7.2. SGML declaration for HTML ..................................35
7.3. ISO Latin 1 character entity set ...........................37
8. Security Considerations.........................................40
Bibliography ......................................................40
Authors' Addresses
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
In the DTD, the LANG and DIR attributes are grouped together in a
parameter entity called attrs. To parallel RFC 1942 [RFC1942], the
ID and CLASS attributes are also included in attrs. The ID and CLASS
attributes are required for use with style sheets, and RFC 1942
defines them as follows:
ID Used to define a document-wide identifier. This can be used
for naming positions within documents as the destination of a
hypertext link. It may also be used by style sheets for
rendering an element in a unique style. An ID attribute value is
an SGML NAME token. NAME tokens are formed by an initial
letter followed by letters, digits, "-" and "." characters. The
letters are restricted to A-Z and a-z.
CLASS A space separated list of SGML NAME tokens. CLASS names
specify that the element belongs to the corresponding named
classes. It allows authors to distinguish different roles
played by the same tag. The classes may be used by style
sheets to provide different renderings as appropriate to
these roles.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
• ..........ILLUMINATUS ............................ IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se
Gość: <©> 26.10.03, 20:48 zarchiwizowany
www.dtek.chalmers.se/~d3rebas/creative/illuminatus/gallery1.htmlIlluminatus
Ray tracing is a very calculation-intensive method for creating highly
realistic images. Basically, it's the method they would've used for rendering
dinosaurs in Jurassic Park or toys in Toy Story if it hadn't taken too much
time to calculate the images that way.
In April 1999, instead of studying for a Computer Graphics exam, I got the
ridiculous idea of writing a ray tracer in Java. Ridiculous, because writing a
ray tracer seemed incredibly complicated, and because Java is a very slow
language, and not anything you'd want to use for something that requires lots
of computations.
I did it anyway. It turned out that writing a ray tracer wasn't as hard as I
thought. Writing a simple ray tracer took two days; then I added features to
it for four more days, so I've worked on it for six days total. It would've
taken even less if I'd looked up the necessary formulas in a book instead of
trying to derive them myself. It's slow, as expected, so right now it's only
useful for very simple scenes, but it was fun to create. Perhaps I'll port it
to C++, which is 7-20 times faster.
Illuminatus v0.6 supports:
spheres and convex polygons
light sources (ambient, diffuse and specular light)
phong shading (meshes, rotational surfaces)
specular and diffuse reflections
transparency and refraction
texture mapping (image mapping and procedural solid textures)
bump mapping, reflection mapping, transparency mapping
global environment mapping
antialiasing
area lights
interference pattern reduction
motion blur
volumetric fog
"auras"
depth of focus
animation
partial physics model (gravitation, sphere-to-sphere collision)
"To do" list:
cones, cylinders
constructive solid geometry
nurbs
plasma effects (fire, etc)
atmospherics
radiosity
a scene/object editor
.png image support
porting Illuminatus to C++
Pictures
» gallery 1
These pictures were made while writing Illuminatus. They look pretty similar,
because I always used the same basic scene (two rectangles and two spheres) to
test the program.
» gallery 2
Pictures made with Illuminatus v0.6...though there's only one for now.
Animations
Do you want to see Illuminatus in action? If you've got a fast computer that
supports Java, you can watch a real-time raytraced animation of a white pool
ball knocking down a pyramid of four more pool balls. The animation restarts
when the camera has panned 180 degrees around the scene. The speed and
direction of the ball changes every time, as does the lighting.
There are three versions; the last is 300 times slower than the first (but
hey, it looks better!). On my computer, the different versions take 0.16, 0.8
and 45 seconds, respectively, to calculate a frame.
Ray tracing is a very calculation-intensive method for creating highly
realistic images. Basically, it's the method they would've used for rendering
dinosaurs in Jurassic Park or toys in Toy Story if it hadn't taken too much
time to calculate the images that way.
In April 1999, instead of studying for a Computer Graphics exam, I got the
ridiculous idea of writing a ray tracer in Java. Ridiculous, because writing a
ray tracer seemed incredibly complicated, and because Java is a very slow
language, and not anything you'd want to use for something that requires lots
of computations.
I did it anyway. It turned out that writing a ray tracer wasn't as hard as I
thought. Writing a simple ray tracer took two days; then I added features to
it for four more days, so I've worked on it for six days total. It would've
taken even less if I'd looked up the necessary formulas in a book instead of
trying to derive them myself. It's slow, as expected, so right now it's only
useful for very simple scenes, but it was fun to create. Perhaps I'll port it
to C++, which is 7-20 times faster.
Illuminatus v0.6 supports:
spheres and convex polygons
light sources (ambient, diffuse and specular light)
phong shading (meshes, rotational surfaces)
specular and diffuse reflections
transparency and refraction
texture mapping (image mapping and procedural solid textures)
bump mapping, reflection mapping, transparency mapping
global environment mapping
antialiasing
area lights
interference pattern reduction
motion blur
volumetric fog
"auras"
depth of focus
animation
partial physics model (gravitation, sphere-to-sphere collision)
"To do" list:
cones, cylinders
constructive solid geometry
nurbs
plasma effects (fire, etc)
atmospherics
radiosity
a scene/object editor
.png image support
porting Illuminatus to C++
Pictures
» gallery 1
These pictures were made while writing Illuminatus. They look pretty similar,
because I always used the same basic scene (two rectangles and two spheres) to
test the program.
» gallery 2
Pictures made with Illuminatus v0.6...though there's only one for now.
Animations
Do you want to see Illuminatus in action? If you've got a fast computer that
supports Java, you can watch a real-time raytraced animation of a white pool
ball knocking down a pyramid of four more pool balls. The animation restarts
when the camera has panned 180 degrees around the scene. The speed and
direction of the ball changes every time, as does the lighting.
There are three versions; the last is 300 times slower than the first (but
hey, it looks better!). On my computer, the different versions take 0.16, 0.8
and 45 seconds, respectively, to calculate a frame.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
• ================2041============================== IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se
Gość: ©*©* 25.10.03, 14:26 zarchiwizowany
www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2041.html
#define TR_DATESZ 32
#define TR_NAMESZ 64
struct tr_header_t {
u_int32_t h_magic;
u_int32_t h_size;
u_int32_t h_time_fmt; /* usec or nsec */
struct tr_time_t h_ts; /* starting time */
char h_date[TR_DATESZ]; /* Date collected */
char h_agent[TR_NAMESZ]; /* DNS name */
u_int32_t h_agent_ip;
char h_desc[0]; /* variable size */
};
struct tr_end_t {
u_int32_t e_magic;
u_int32_t e_size;
struct tr_time_t e_ts; /* end time */
char e_date[32]; /* Date end written */
};
This research was supported by the Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC)
and ARPA under contract numbers F196828-93-C-0193 and DAAB07-95-C-
D154, and the State of California MICRO Program. Additional support
was provided by AT&T, Hughes Aircraft, IBM Corp., Intel Corp., and
Metricom. The views and conclusions contained here are those of the
authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the
official policies or endorsements, either express or implied, of
AFMC, ARPA, AT&T, Hughes, IBM, Intel, Metricom, Carnegie Mellon
University, the University of California, the State of California, or
the U.S. Government.
Security Considerations
This RFC raises no security considerations.
Authors' Addresses
Questions about this document can be directed to the authors:
Brian D. Noble
Computer Science Department
Carnegie Mellon University
5000 Forbes Avenue
Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3891
#define TR_DATESZ 32
#define TR_NAMESZ 64
struct tr_header_t {
u_int32_t h_magic;
u_int32_t h_size;
u_int32_t h_time_fmt; /* usec or nsec */
struct tr_time_t h_ts; /* starting time */
char h_date[TR_DATESZ]; /* Date collected */
char h_agent[TR_NAMESZ]; /* DNS name */
u_int32_t h_agent_ip;
char h_desc[0]; /* variable size */
};
struct tr_end_t {
u_int32_t e_magic;
u_int32_t e_size;
struct tr_time_t e_ts; /* end time */
char e_date[32]; /* Date end written */
};
This research was supported by the Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC)
and ARPA under contract numbers F196828-93-C-0193 and DAAB07-95-C-
D154, and the State of California MICRO Program. Additional support
was provided by AT&T, Hughes Aircraft, IBM Corp., Intel Corp., and
Metricom. The views and conclusions contained here are those of the
authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the
official policies or endorsements, either express or implied, of
AFMC, ARPA, AT&T, Hughes, IBM, Intel, Metricom, Carnegie Mellon
University, the University of California, the State of California, or
the U.S. Government.
Security Considerations
This RFC raises no security considerations.
Authors' Addresses
Questions about this document can be directed to the authors:
Brian D. Noble
Computer Science Department
Carnegie Mellon University
5000 Forbes Avenue
Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3891
• IRRATIONALandTRANSCENDENTALRevelation101 IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se
Gość: #60©> 25.10.03, 00:40 zarchiwizowany
www.cecm.sfu.ca/pi/pi.html
"No doubt the desire to obtain the values of these quantities to a great many
figures is also partly due to the fact that most of them are interesting in
themselves; for e, p, g, log2, and many other numerical quantities occupy a
curious, and some of them almost a mysterious, place in mathematics, so that
there is a natural tendency to do all that can be done towards their precise
determination"
J. W. L. Glaisher, 1915.
pauillac.inria.fr/algo/bsolve/constant/constant.html
The number p is an irrational (Lambert 1761, [4]) and transcendental
(Lindemann 1882, [5]) number. Proof of irrationality of p can be found in
Irrationality proofs.
www.cecm.sfu.ca/
"No doubt the desire to obtain the values of these quantities to a great many
figures is also partly due to the fact that most of them are interesting in
themselves; for e, p, g, log2, and many other numerical quantities occupy a
curious, and some of them almost a mysterious, place in mathematics, so that
there is a natural tendency to do all that can be done towards their precise
determination"
J. W. L. Glaisher, 1915.
pauillac.inria.fr/algo/bsolve/constant/constant.html
The number p is an irrational (Lambert 1761, [4]) and transcendental
(Lindemann 1882, [5]) number. Proof of irrationality of p can be found in
Irrationality proofs.
www.cecm.sfu.ca/
• _________________________!________________________ IP: *.cm-upc.chello.se
Gość: ******* 24.10.03, 16:12 zarchiwizowany
FUCKu2!!!!
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
TIMELES
*
*
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
Wiadomość została usunięta ze względu na złamanie prawa lub regulaminu.
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